diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9e08a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.3.5
+    hooks:
+      - id: ruff
+        args: [--fix]
+      - id: ruff-format
diff --git a/commands/afc_pending.py b/commands/afc_pending.py
index 87ab20d..afcdeb8 100644
--- a/commands/afc_pending.py
+++ b/commands/afc_pending.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -22,8 +20,10 @@
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class AfCPending(Command):
     """Link the user to the pending AfC submissions page and category."""
+
     name = "pending"
     commands = ["pending", "pend"]
 
diff --git a/commands/afc_report.py b/commands/afc_report.py
index 3d6060a..67844be 100644
--- a/commands/afc_report.py
+++ b/commands/afc_report.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -23,8 +21,10 @@
 from earwigbot import wiki
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class AfCReport(Command):
     """Get information about an AfC submission by name."""
+
     name = "report"
 
     def process(self, data):
@@ -45,19 +45,24 @@ class AfCReport(Command):
             self.reply(data, msg)
             return
 
-        title = " ".join(data.args).replace("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/",
-                "").replace("http://enwp.org/", "").strip()
+        title = (
+            " ".join(data.args)
+            .replace("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/", "")
+            .replace("http://enwp.org/", "")
+            .strip()
+        )
         titles = [
-            title, "Draft:" + title,
+            title,
+            "Draft:" + title,
             "Wikipedia:Articles for creation/" + title,
-            "Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/" + title
+            "Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/" + title,
         ]
         for attempt in titles:
             page = self.site.get_page(attempt, follow_redirects=False)
             if page.exists == page.PAGE_EXISTS:
                 return self.report(page)
 
-        self.reply(data, "Submission \x0302{0}\x0F not found.".format(title))
+        self.reply(data, f"Submission \x0302{title}\x0f not found.")
 
     def report(self, page):
         url = page.url.encode("utf8")
@@ -67,11 +72,11 @@ class AfCReport(Command):
         user_name = user.name
         user_url = user.get_talkpage().url.encode("utf8")
 
-        msg1 = "AfC submission report for \x0302{0}\x0F ({1}):"
-        msg2 = "Status: \x0303{0}\x0F"
-        msg3 = "Submitted by \x0302{0}\x0F ({1})"
+        msg1 = "AfC submission report for \x0302{0}\x0f ({1}):"
+        msg2 = "Status: \x0303{0}\x0f"
+        msg3 = "Submitted by \x0302{0}\x0f ({1})"
         if status == "accepted":
-            msg3 = "Reviewed by \x0302{0}\x0F ({1})"
+            msg3 = "Reviewed by \x0302{0}\x0f ({1})"
 
         self.reply(self.data, msg1.format(page.title.encode("utf8"), url))
         self.say(self.data.chan, msg2.format(status))
diff --git a/commands/afc_status.py b/commands/afc_status.py
index df724d4..fab236b 100644
--- a/commands/afc_status.py
+++ b/commands/afc_status.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -24,9 +22,11 @@ import re
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class AfCStatus(Command):
     """Get the number of pending AfC submissions, open redirect requests, and
     open file upload requests."""
+
     name = "status"
     commands = ["status", "count", "num", "number"]
     hooks = ["join", "msg"]
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class AfCStatus(Command):
         self.site = self.bot.wiki.get_site()
 
         if data.line[1] == "JOIN":
-            status = " ".join(("\x02Current status:\x0F", self.get_status()))
+            status = " ".join(("\x02Current status:\x0f", self.get_status()))
             self.notice(data.nick, status)
             return
 
@@ -64,51 +64,56 @@ class AfCStatus(Command):
             action = data.args[0].lower()
             if action.startswith("sub") or action == "s":
                 subs = self.count_submissions()
-                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0F pending AfC submissions (\x0302WP:AFC\x0F)."
+                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0f pending AfC submissions (\x0302WP:AFC\x0f)."
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(subs))
 
             elif action.startswith("redir") or action == "r":
                 redirs = self.count_redirects()
-                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0F open redirect requests (\x0302WP:AFC/R\x0F)."
+                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0f open redirect requests (\x0302WP:AFC/R\x0f)."
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(redirs))
 
             elif action.startswith("file") or action == "f":
                 files = self.count_redirects()
-                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0F open file upload requests (\x0302WP:FFU\x0F)."
+                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0f open file upload requests (\x0302WP:FFU\x0f)."
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(files))
 
             elif action.startswith("agg") or action == "a":
                 try:
                     agg_num = int(data.args[1])
                 except IndexError:
-                    agg_data = (self.count_submissions(),
-                                self.count_redirects(), self.count_files())
+                    agg_data = (
+                        self.count_submissions(),
+                        self.count_redirects(),
+                        self.count_files(),
+                    )
                     agg_num = self.get_aggregate_number(agg_data)
                 except ValueError:
-                    msg = "\x0303{0}\x0F isn't a number!"
+                    msg = "\x0303{0}\x0f isn't a number!"
                     self.reply(data, msg.format(data.args[1]))
                     return
                 aggregate = self.get_aggregate(agg_num)
-                msg = "Aggregate is \x0305{0}\x0F (AfC {1})."
+                msg = "Aggregate is \x0305{0}\x0f (AfC {1})."
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(agg_num, aggregate))
 
             elif action.startswith("g13_e") or action.startswith("g13e"):
                 g13_eli = self.count_g13_eligible()
-                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0F CSD:G13-eligible pages."
+                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0f CSD:G13-eligible pages."
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(g13_eli))
 
             elif action.startswith("g13_a") or action.startswith("g13a"):
                 g13_noms = self.count_g13_active()
-                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0F active CSD:G13 nominations."
+                msg = "There are \x0305{0}\x0f active CSD:G13 nominations."
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(g13_noms))
 
             elif action.startswith("nocolor") or action == "n":
                 self.reply(data, self.get_status(color=False))
 
             else:
-                msg = "Unknown argument: \x0303{0}\x0F. Valid args are " +\
-                      "'subs', 'redirs', 'files', 'agg', 'nocolor', " +\
-                      "'g13_eligible', 'g13_active'."
+                msg = (
+                    "Unknown argument: \x0303{0}\x0f. Valid args are "
+                    + "'subs', 'redirs', 'files', 'agg', 'nocolor', "
+                    + "'g13_eligible', 'g13_active'."
+                )
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(data.args[0]))
 
         else:
@@ -122,22 +127,22 @@ class AfCStatus(Command):
         aggregate = self.get_aggregate(agg_num)
 
         if color:
-            msg = "Articles for creation {0} (\x0302AFC\x0F: \x0305{1}\x0F; \x0302AFC/R\x0F: \x0305{2}\x0F; \x0302FFU\x0F: \x0305{3}\x0F)."
+            msg = "Articles for creation {0} (\x0302AFC\x0f: \x0305{1}\x0f; \x0302AFC/R\x0f: \x0305{2}\x0f; \x0302FFU\x0f: \x0305{3}\x0f)."
         else:
             msg = "Articles for creation {0} (AFC: {1}; AFC/R: {2}; FFU: {3})."
         return msg.format(aggregate, subs, redirs, files)
 
     def count_g13_eligible(self):
         """
-          Returns the number of G13 Eligible AfC Submissions (count of
-          Category:G13 eligible AfC submissions)
+        Returns the number of G13 Eligible AfC Submissions (count of
+        Category:G13 eligible AfC submissions)
         """
         return self.site.get_category("G13 eligible AfC submissions").pages
 
     def count_g13_active(self):
         """
-          Returns the number of active CSD:G13 nominations ( count of
-          Category:Candidates for speedy deletion as abandoned AfC submissions)
+        Returns the number of active CSD:G13 nominations ( count of
+        Category:Candidates for speedy deletion as abandoned AfC submissions)
         """
         catname = "Candidates for speedy deletion as abandoned AfC submissions"
         return self.site.get_category(catname).pages
@@ -176,23 +181,24 @@ class AfCStatus(Command):
         FFU (for example) indicates that our work is *not* done and the
         project-wide backlog is most certainly *not* clear."""
         if num == 0:
-            return "is \x02\x0303clear\x0F"
+            return "is \x02\x0303clear\x0f"
         elif num <= 200:
-            return "is \x0303almost clear\x0F"
+            return "is \x0303almost clear\x0f"
         elif num <= 400:
-            return "is \x0312normal\x0F"
+            return "is \x0312normal\x0f"
         elif num <= 600:
-            return "is \x0307lightly backlogged\x0F"
+            return "is \x0307lightly backlogged\x0f"
         elif num <= 900:
-            return "is \x0304backlogged\x0F"
+            return "is \x0304backlogged\x0f"
         elif num <= 1200:
-            return "is \x02\x0304heavily backlogged\x0F"
+            return "is \x02\x0304heavily backlogged\x0f"
         else:
-            return "is \x02\x1F\x0304severely backlogged\x0F"
+            return "is \x02\x1f\x0304severely backlogged\x0f"
 
-    def get_aggregate_number(self, (subs, redirs, files)):
+    def get_aggregate_number(self, arg):
         """Returns an 'aggregate number' based on the real number of pending
         submissions in CAT:PEND (subs), open redirect submissions in WP:AFC/R
         (redirs), and open files-for-upload requests in WP:FFU (files)."""
+        (subs, redirs, files) = arg
         num = subs + (redirs / 2) + (files / 2)
         return num
diff --git a/commands/afc_submissions.py b/commands/afc_submissions.py
index e8f49b3..a9246da 100644
--- a/commands/afc_submissions.py
+++ b/commands/afc_submissions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -23,8 +21,10 @@
 from earwigbot import wiki
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class AfCSubmissions(Command):
     """Link the user directly to some pending AfC submissions."""
+
     name = "submissions"
     commands = ["submissions", "subs"]
 
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ class AfCSubmissions(Command):
                 continue
             urls.append(member.url.encode("utf8"))
         pages = ", ".join(urls[:number])
-        self.reply(data, "{0} pending AfC subs: {1}".format(number, pages))
+        self.reply(data, f"{number} pending AfC subs: {pages}")
diff --git a/commands/block_monitor.py b/commands/block_monitor.py
index 0506562..b8cf9a9 100644
--- a/commands/block_monitor.py
+++ b/commands/block_monitor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2016 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -27,8 +25,10 @@ from time import time
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 from earwigbot.exceptions import APIError
 
+
 class BlockMonitor(Command):
     """Monitors for on-wiki blocked users joining a particular channel."""
+
     name = "block_monitor"
     hooks = ["join"]
 
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ class BlockMonitor(Command):
         self._last = None
 
     def check(self, data):
-        return (self._monitor_chan and self._report_chan and
-                data.chan == self._monitor_chan)
+        return (
+            self._monitor_chan and self._report_chan and data.chan == self._monitor_chan
+        )
 
     def process(self, data):
         ip = self._get_ip(data.host)
@@ -61,12 +62,16 @@ class BlockMonitor(Command):
         if not block:
             return
 
-        msg = ("\x02[{note}]\x0F Joined user \x02{nick}\x0F is {type}blocked "
-               "on-wiki ([[User:{user}]]) because: {reason}")
+        msg = (
+            "\x02[{note}]\x0f Joined user \x02{nick}\x0f is {type}blocked "
+            "on-wiki ([[User:{user}]]) because: {reason}"
+        )
         self.say(self._report_chan, msg.format(nick=data.nick, **block))
 
-        log = ("Reporting block ({note}): {nick} is [[User:{user}]], "
-               "{type}blocked because: {reason}")
+        log = (
+            "Reporting block ({note}): {nick} is [[User:{user}]], "
+            "{type}blocked because: {reason}"
+        )
         self.logger.info(log.format(nick=data.nick, **block))
 
     def _get_ip(self, host):
@@ -84,9 +89,15 @@ class BlockMonitor(Command):
         site = self.bot.wiki.get_site()
         try:
             result = site.api_query(
-                action="query", list="blocks|globalblocks", bkip=ip, bgip=ip,
-                bklimit=1, bglimit=1, bkprop="user|reason|range",
-                bgprop="address|reason|range")
+                action="query",
+                list="blocks|globalblocks",
+                bkip=ip,
+                bgip=ip,
+                bklimit=1,
+                bglimit=1,
+                bkprop="user|reason|range",
+                bgprop="address|reason|range",
+            )
         except APIError:
             return
         lblocks = result["query"]["blocks"]
diff --git a/commands/geolocate.py b/commands/geolocate.py
index d041bf5..75f178f 100644
--- a/commands/geolocate.py
+++ b/commands/geolocate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -21,14 +19,15 @@
 # SOFTWARE.
 
 from json import loads
-from socket import (AF_INET, AF_INET6, error as socket_error, gethostbyname,
-                    inet_pton)
-from urllib2 import urlopen
+from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, gethostbyname, inet_pton
+from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class Geolocate(Command):
     """Geolocate an IP address (via http://ipinfodb.com/)."""
+
     name = "geolocate"
     commands = ["geolocate", "locate", "geo", "ip"]
 
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ class Geolocate(Command):
 
     def process(self, data):
         if not self.key:
-            msg = 'I need an API key for http://ipinfodb.com/ stored as \x0303config.commands["{0}"]["apiKey"]\x0F.'
+            msg = 'I need an API key for http://ipinfodb.com/ stored as \x0303config.commands["{0}"]["apiKey"]\x0f.'
             log = 'Need an API key for http://ipinfodb.com/ stored as config.commands["{0}"]["apiKey"]'
             self.reply(data, msg.format(self.name))
             self.logger.error(log.format(self.name))
@@ -54,12 +53,12 @@ class Geolocate(Command):
         else:
             try:
                 address = gethostbyname(data.host)
-            except socket_error:
-                msg = "Your hostname, \x0302{0}\x0F, is not an IP address!"
+            except OSError:
+                msg = "Your hostname, \x0302{0}\x0f, is not an IP address!"
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(data.host))
                 return
         if not self.is_ip(address):
-            msg = "\x0302{0}\x0F is not an IP address!"
+            msg = "\x0302{0}\x0f is not an IP address!"
             self.reply(data, msg.format(address))
             return
 
@@ -74,10 +73,10 @@ class Geolocate(Command):
         longitude = res["longitude"]
         utcoffset = res["timeZone"]
         if not country and not region and not city:
-            self.reply(data, "IP \x0302{0}\x0F not found.".format(address))
+            self.reply(data, f"IP \x0302{address}\x0f not found.")
             return
         if country == "-" and region == "-" and city == "-":
-            self.reply(data, "IP \x0302{0}\x0F is reserved.".format(address))
+            self.reply(data, f"IP \x0302{address}\x0f is reserved.")
             return
 
         msg = "{0}, {1}, {2} ({3}, {4}), UTC {5}"
@@ -91,9 +90,9 @@ class Geolocate(Command):
         """
         try:
             inet_pton(AF_INET, address)
-        except socket_error:
+        except OSError:
             try:
                 inet_pton(AF_INET6, address)
-            except socket_error:
+            except OSError:
                 return False
         return True
diff --git a/commands/git_command.py b/commands/git_command.py
index fc24888..3c28902 100644
--- a/commands/git_command.py
+++ b/commands/git_command.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -26,9 +24,11 @@ import git
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class Git(Command):
     """Commands to interface with configurable git repositories; use '!git' for
     a sub-command list."""
+
     name = "git"
 
     def setup(self):
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ class Git(Command):
         elif command == "status":
             self.do_status()
         else:  # They asked us to do something we don't know
-            msg = "Unknown argument: \x0303{0}\x0F.".format(data.args[0])
+            msg = f"Unknown argument: \x0303{data.args[0]}\x0f."
             self.reply(data, msg)
 
     def get_repos(self):
         data = self.repos.iteritems()
-        repos = ["\x0302{0}\x0F ({1})".format(k, v) for k, v in data]
+        repos = [f"\x0302{k}\x0f ({v})" for k, v in data]
         return ", ".join(repos)
 
     def get_remote(self):
@@ -94,18 +94,18 @@ class Git(Command):
         try:
             return getattr(self.repo.remotes, remote_name)
         except AttributeError:
-            msg = "Unknown remote: \x0302{0}\x0F.".format(remote_name)
+            msg = f"Unknown remote: \x0302{remote_name}\x0f."
             self.reply(self.data, msg)
 
     def get_time_since(self, date):
         diff = time.mktime(time.gmtime()) - date
         if diff < 60:
-            return "{0} seconds".format(int(diff))
+            return f"{int(diff)} seconds"
         if diff < 60 * 60:
-            return "{0} minutes".format(int(diff / 60))
+            return f"{int(diff / 60)} minutes"
         if diff < 60 * 60 * 24:
-            return "{0} hours".format(int(diff / 60 / 60))
-        return "{0} days".format(int(diff / 60 / 60 / 24))
+            return f"{int(diff / 60 / 60)} hours"
+        return f"{int(diff / 60 / 60 / 24)} days"
 
     def do_help(self):
         """Display all commands."""
@@ -119,21 +119,21 @@ class Git(Command):
         }
         subcommands = ""
         for key in sorted(help.keys()):
-            subcommands += "\x0303{0}\x0F ({1}), ".format(key, help[key])
+            subcommands += f"\x0303{key}\x0f ({help[key]}), "
         subcommands = subcommands[:-2]  # Trim last comma and space
-        msg = "Sub-commands are: {0}; repos are: {1}. Syntax: !git \x0303subcommand\x0F \x0302repo\x0F."
+        msg = "Sub-commands are: {0}; repos are: {1}. Syntax: !git \x0303subcommand\x0f \x0302repo\x0f."
         self.reply(self.data, msg.format(subcommands, self.get_repos()))
 
     def do_branch(self):
         """Get our current branch."""
         branch = self.repo.active_branch.name
-        msg = "Currently on branch \x0302{0}\x0F.".format(branch)
+        msg = f"Currently on branch \x0302{branch}\x0f."
         self.reply(self.data, msg)
 
     def do_branches(self):
         """Get a list of branches."""
         branches = [branch.name for branch in self.repo.branches]
-        msg = "Branches: \x0302{0}\x0F.".format(", ".join(branches))
+        msg = "Branches: \x0302{}\x0f.".format(", ".join(branches))
         self.reply(self.data, msg)
 
     def do_checkout(self):
@@ -146,18 +146,18 @@ class Git(Command):
 
         current_branch = self.repo.active_branch.name
         if target == current_branch:
-            msg = "Already on \x0302{0}\x0F!".format(target)
+            msg = f"Already on \x0302{target}\x0f!"
             self.reply(self.data, msg)
             return
 
         try:
             ref = getattr(self.repo.branches, target)
         except AttributeError:
-            msg = "Branch \x0302{0}\x0F doesn't exist!".format(target)
+            msg = f"Branch \x0302{target}\x0f doesn't exist!"
             self.reply(self.data, msg)
         else:
             ref.checkout()
-            ms = "Switched from branch \x0302{0}\x0F to \x0302{1}\x0F."
+            ms = "Switched from branch \x0302{0}\x0f to \x0302{1}\x0f."
             msg = ms.format(current_branch, target)
             self.reply(self.data, msg)
             log = "{0} checked out branch {1} of {2}"
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ class Git(Command):
         try:
             ref = getattr(self.repo.branches, target)
         except AttributeError:
-            msg = "Branch \x0302{0}\x0F doesn't exist!".format(target)
+            msg = f"Branch \x0302{target}\x0f doesn't exist!"
             self.reply(self.data, msg)
         else:
             self.repo.git.branch("-d", ref)
-            msg = "Branch \x0302{0}\x0F has been deleted locally."
+            msg = "Branch \x0302{0}\x0f has been deleted locally."
             self.reply(self.data, msg.format(target))
             log = "{0} deleted branch {1} of {2}"
             logmsg = log.format(self.data.nick, target, self.repo.working_dir)
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class Git(Command):
     def do_pull(self):
         """Pull from our remote repository."""
         branch = self.repo.active_branch.name
-        msg = "Pulling from remote (currently on \x0302{0}\x0F)..."
+        msg = "Pulling from remote (currently on \x0302{0}\x0f)..."
         self.reply(self.data, msg.format(branch))
 
         remote = self.get_remote()
@@ -205,16 +205,18 @@ class Git(Command):
 
         if updated:
             branches = ", ".join([info.ref.remote_head for info in updated])
-            msg = "Done; updates to \x0302{0}\x0F (from {1})."
+            msg = "Done; updates to \x0302{0}\x0f (from {1})."
             self.reply(self.data, msg.format(branches, remote.url))
             log = "{0} pulled {1} of {2} (updates to {3})"
-            self.logger.info(log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name,
-                                        self.repo.working_dir, branches))
+            self.logger.info(
+                log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name, self.repo.working_dir, branches)
+            )
         else:
             self.reply(self.data, "Done; no new changes.")
             log = "{0} pulled {1} of {2} (no updates)"
-            self.logger.info(log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name,
-                                        self.repo.working_dir))
+            self.logger.info(
+                log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name, self.repo.working_dir)
+            )
 
     def do_status(self):
         """Check if we have anything to pull."""
@@ -227,14 +229,18 @@ class Git(Command):
 
         if updated:
             branches = ", ".join([info.ref.remote_head for info in updated])
-            msg = "Last local commit was \x02{0}\x0F ago; updates to \x0302{1}\x0F."
+            msg = "Last local commit was \x02{0}\x0f ago; updates to \x0302{1}\x0f."
             self.reply(self.data, msg.format(since, branches))
             log = "{0} got status of {1} of {2} (updates to {3})"
-            self.logger.info(log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name,
-                                        self.repo.working_dir, branches))
+            self.logger.info(
+                log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name, self.repo.working_dir, branches)
+            )
         else:
-            msg = "Last commit was \x02{0}\x0F ago. Local copy is up-to-date with remote."
+            msg = (
+                "Last commit was \x02{0}\x0f ago. Local copy is up-to-date with remote."
+            )
             self.reply(self.data, msg.format(since))
             log = "{0} pulled {1} of {2} (no updates)"
-            self.logger.info(log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name,
-                                        self.repo.working_dir))
+            self.logger.info(
+                log.format(self.data.nick, remote.name, self.repo.working_dir)
+            )
diff --git a/commands/partwhen.py b/commands/partwhen.py
index 77145a5..2e33c50 100644
--- a/commands/partwhen.py
+++ b/commands/partwhen.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2021 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -21,14 +19,16 @@
 # SOFTWARE.
 
 import base64
-import cPickle as pickle
+import pickle
 import re
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 from earwigbot.config.permissions import User
 
+
 class PartWhen(Command):
     """Ask the bot to part the channel when a condition is met."""
+
     name = "partwhen"
     commands = ["partwhen", "unpartwhen"]
     hooks = ["join", "msg"]
@@ -67,54 +67,74 @@ class PartWhen(Command):
             if self._conds.get(channel):
                 del self._conds[channel]
                 self._save_conditions()
-                self.reply(data, "Cleared part conditions for {0}.".format(
-                    "this channel" if channel == data.chan else channel))
+                self.reply(
+                    data,
+                    "Cleared part conditions for {}.".format(
+                        "this channel" if channel == data.chan else channel
+                    ),
+                )
             else:
                 self.reply(data, "No part conditions set.")
             return
 
         if not args:
             conds = self._conds.get(channel, {})
-            existing = "; ".join("{0} {1}".format(cond, ", ".join(str(user) for user in users))
-                                 for cond, users in conds.iteritems())
+            existing = "; ".join(
+                "{} {}".format(cond, ", ".join(str(user) for user in users))
+                for cond, users in conds.iteritems()
+            )
             if existing:
-                status = "Current part conditions: {0}.".format(existing)
+                status = f"Current part conditions: {existing}."
             else:
-                status = "No part conditions set for {0}.".format(
-                    "this channel" if channel == data.chan else channel)
-            self.reply(data, "{0} Usage: !{1} [<channel>] <event> <args>...".format(
-                status, data.command))
+                status = "No part conditions set for {}.".format(
+                    "this channel" if channel == data.chan else channel
+                )
+            self.reply(
+                data,
+                f"{status} Usage: !{data.command} [<channel>] <event> <args>...",
+            )
             return
 
         event = args[0]
         args = args[1:]
         if event == "join":
             if not args:
-                self.reply(data, "Join event requires an argument for the user joining, "
-                                 "in nick!ident@host syntax.")
+                self.reply(
+                    data,
+                    "Join event requires an argument for the user joining, "
+                    "in nick!ident@host syntax.",
+                )
                 return
             cond = args[0]
             match = re.match(r"(.*?)!(.*?)@(.*?)$", cond)
             if not match:
-                self.reply(data, "User join pattern is invalid; should use "
-                                 "nick!ident@host syntax.")
+                self.reply(
+                    data,
+                    "User join pattern is invalid; should use "
+                    "nick!ident@host syntax.",
+                )
                 return
             conds = self._conds.setdefault(channel, {}).setdefault("join", [])
             conds.append(User(match.group(1), match.group(2), match.group(3)))
             self._save_conditions()
-            self.reply(data, "Okay, I will leave {0} when {1} joins.".format(
-                "the channel" if channel == data.chan else channel, cond))
+            self.reply(
+                data,
+                "Okay, I will leave {} when {} joins.".format(
+                    "the channel" if channel == data.chan else channel, cond
+                ),
+            )
         else:
-            self.reply(data, "Unknown event: {0} (valid events: join).".format(event))
+            self.reply(data, f"Unknown event: {event} (valid events: join).")
 
     def _handle_join(self, data):
         user = User(data.nick, data.ident, data.host)
         conds = self._conds.get(data.chan, {}).get("join", {})
         for cond in conds:
             if user in cond:
-                self.logger.info("Parting {0} because {1} met join condition {2}".format(
-                    data.chan, str(user), str(cond)))
-                self.part(data.chan, "Requested to leave when {0} joined".format(data.nick))
+                self.logger.info(
+                    f"Parting {data.chan} because {str(user)} met join condition {str(cond)}"
+                )
+                self.part(data.chan, f"Requested to leave when {data.nick} joined")
                 break
 
     def _load_conditions(self):
diff --git a/commands/praise.py b/commands/praise.py
index af24a17..201376e 100644
--- a/commands/praise.py
+++ b/commands/praise.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -22,8 +20,10 @@
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class Praise(Command):
     """Praise people!"""
+
     name = "praise"
 
     def setup(self):
diff --git a/commands/rc_monitor.py b/commands/rc_monitor.py
index 19c4659..f72092a 100644
--- a/commands/rc_monitor.py
+++ b/commands/rc_monitor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2016 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -20,11 +18,11 @@
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 
+import re
 from collections import namedtuple
 from datetime import datetime
 from difflib import ndiff
-from Queue import Queue
-import re
+from queue import Queue
 from threading import Thread
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
@@ -34,9 +32,11 @@ from earwigbot.wiki import constants
 
 _Diff = namedtuple("_Diff", ["added", "removed"])
 
+
 class RCMonitor(Command):
     """Monitors the recent changes feed for certain edits and reports them to a
     dedicated channel."""
+
     name = "rc_monitor"
     commands = ["rc_monitor", "rcm"]
     hooks = ["msg", "rc"]
@@ -46,8 +46,10 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
             self._channel = self.config.commands[self.name]["channel"]
         except KeyError:
             self._channel = None
-            log = ('Cannot use without a report channel set as '
-                   'config.commands["{0}"]["channel"]')
+            log = (
+                "Cannot use without a report channel set as "
+                'config.commands["{0}"]["channel"]'
+            )
             self.logger.warn(log.format(self.name))
             return
 
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
             "start": datetime.utcnow(),
             "edits": 0,
             "hits": 0,
-            "max_backlog": 0
+            "max_backlog": 0,
         }
         self._levels = {}
         self._issues = {}
@@ -73,7 +75,8 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
         if not self._channel:
             return
         return isinstance(data, RC) or (
-            data.is_command and data.command in self.commands)
+            data.is_command and data.command in self.commands
+        )
 
     def process(self, data):
         if isinstance(data, RC):
@@ -90,11 +93,17 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
         since = self._stats["start"].strftime("%H:%M:%S, %d %B %Y")
         seconds = (datetime.utcnow() - self._stats["start"]).total_seconds()
         rate = self._stats["edits"] / seconds
-        msg = ("\x02{edits:,}\x0F edits checked since {since} "
-               "(\x02{rate:.2f}\x0F edits/sec); \x02{hits:,}\x0F hits; "
-               "\x02{qsize:,}\x0F-edit backlog (\x02{max_backlog:,}\x0F max).")
-        self.reply(data, msg.format(
-            since=since, rate=rate, qsize=self._queue.qsize(), **self._stats))
+        msg = (
+            "\x02{edits:,}\x0f edits checked since {since} "
+            "(\x02{rate:.2f}\x0f edits/sec); \x02{hits:,}\x0f hits; "
+            "\x02{qsize:,}\x0f-edit backlog (\x02{max_backlog:,}\x0f max)."
+        )
+        self.reply(
+            data,
+            msg.format(
+                since=since, rate=rate, qsize=self._queue.qsize(), **self._stats
+            ),
+        )
 
     def unload(self):
         self._thread.running = False
@@ -106,17 +115,9 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
         alert = 2
         urgent = 3
 
-        self._levels = {
-            routine: "routine",
-            alert: "alert",
-            urgent: "URGENT"
-        }
-        self._issues = {
-            "g10": alert
-        }
-        self._descriptions = {
-            "g10": "CSD G10 nomination"
-        }
+        self._levels = {routine: "routine", alert: "alert", urgent: "URGENT"}
+        self._issues = {"g10": alert}
+        self._descriptions = {"g10": "CSD G10 nomination"}
 
     def _get_diff(self, oldrev, newrev):
         """Return the difference between two revisions.
@@ -126,9 +127,12 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
         site = self.bot.wiki.get_site()
         try:
             result = site.api_query(
-                action="query", prop="revisions", rvprop="ids|content",
+                action="query",
+                prop="revisions",
+                rvprop="ids|content",
                 rvslots="main",
-                revids=(oldrev + "|" + newrev) if oldrev else newrev)
+                revids=(oldrev + "|" + newrev) if oldrev else newrev,
+            )
         except APIError:
             return None
 
@@ -148,10 +152,12 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
             return _Diff(text.splitlines(), [])
 
         try:
-            oldtext = [rv["slots"]["main"]["*"] for rv in revs
-                       if rv["revid"] == int(oldrev)][0]
-            newtext = [rv["slots"]["main"]["*"] for rv in revs
-                       if rv["revid"] == int(newrev)][0]
+            oldtext = [
+                rv["slots"]["main"]["*"] for rv in revs if rv["revid"] == int(oldrev)
+            ][0]
+            newtext = [
+                rv["slots"]["main"]["*"] for rv in revs if rv["revid"] == int(newrev)
+            ][0]
         except (IndexError, KeyError):
             return None
 
@@ -165,14 +171,20 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
         site = self.bot.wiki.get_site()
         try:
             result = site.api_query(
-                action="query", list="backlinks", blfilterredir="redirects",
-                blnamespace=constants.NS_TEMPLATE, bllimit=50,
-                bltitle="Template:" + template)
+                action="query",
+                list="backlinks",
+                blfilterredir="redirects",
+                blnamespace=constants.NS_TEMPLATE,
+                bllimit=50,
+                bltitle="Template:" + template,
+            )
         except APIError:
             return []
 
-        redirs = {link["title"].split(":", 1)[1].lower()
-                  for link in result["query"]["backlinks"]}
+        redirs = {
+            link["title"].split(":", 1)[1].lower()
+            for link in result["query"]["backlinks"]
+        }
         redirs.add(template)
         return redirs
 
@@ -184,9 +196,11 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
                 return None
             self._redirects[template] = redirects
 
-        search = "|".join(r"(template:)?" + re.escape(tmpl).replace(r"\ ", r"[ _]")
-                          for tmpl in self._redirects[template])
-        return re.compile(r"\{\{\s*(" + search + r")\s*(\||\}\})", re.U|re.I)
+        search = "|".join(
+            r"(template:)?" + re.escape(tmpl).replace(r"\ ", r"[ _]")
+            for tmpl in self._redirects[template]
+        )
+        return re.compile(r"\{\{\s*(" + search + r")\s*(\||\}\})", re.U | re.I)
 
     def _evaluate_csd(self, diff):
         """Evaluate a diff for CSD tagging."""
@@ -223,12 +237,20 @@ class RCMonitor(Command):
         notify = " ".join("!rcm-" + issue for issue in report)
         cmnt = rc.comment if len(rc.comment) <= 50 else rc.comment[:47] + "..."
 
-        msg = ("[\x02{level}\x0F] ({descr}) [\x02{notify}\x0F]\x0306 * "
-               "\x0314[[\x0307{title}\x0314]]\x0306 * \x0303{user}\x0306 * "
-               "\x0302{url}\x0306 * \x0310{comment}")
+        msg = (
+            "[\x02{level}\x0f] ({descr}) [\x02{notify}\x0f]\x0306 * "
+            "\x0314[[\x0307{title}\x0314]]\x0306 * \x0303{user}\x0306 * "
+            "\x0302{url}\x0306 * \x0310{comment}"
+        )
         return msg.format(
-            level=level, descr=descr, notify=notify, title=rc.page,
-            user=rc.user, url=rc.url, comment=cmnt)
+            level=level,
+            descr=descr,
+            notify=notify,
+            title=rc.page,
+            user=rc.user,
+            url=rc.url,
+            comment=cmnt,
+        )
 
     def _handle_event(self, event):
         """Process a recent change event."""
diff --git a/commands/stars.py b/commands/stars.py
index 5f43777..863a6f0 100644
--- a/commands/stars.py
+++ b/commands/stars.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2015 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -21,12 +19,15 @@
 # SOFTWARE.
 
 from json import loads
-from urllib2 import urlopen, HTTPError
+from urllib.error import HTTPError
+from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class Stars(Command):
     """Get the number of stargazers for a given GitHub repository."""
+
     name = "stars"
     commands = ["stars", "stargazers"]
     API_REPOS = "https://api.github.com/repos/{repo}"
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ class Stars(Command):
 
     def process(self, data):
         if not data.args:
-            msg = "Which GitHub repository or user should I look up? Example: \x0306{0}\x0F."
+            msg = "Which GitHub repository or user should I look up? Example: \x0306{0}\x0f."
             self.reply(data, msg.format(self.EXAMPLE))
             return
 
@@ -55,9 +56,8 @@ class Stars(Command):
         count = int(repo["stargazers_count"])
         plural = "" if count == 1 else "s"
 
-        msg = "\x0303{0}\x0F has \x02{1}\x0F stargazer{2}: {3}"
-        self.reply(data, msg.format(
-            repo["full_name"], count, plural, repo["html_url"]))
+        msg = "\x0303{0}\x0f has \x02{1}\x0f stargazer{2}: {3}"
+        self.reply(data, msg.format(repo["full_name"], count, plural, repo["html_url"]))
 
     def handle_user(self, data, arg):
         """Handle !stars <user>."""
@@ -71,18 +71,22 @@ class Stars(Command):
         star_plural = "" if star_count == 1 else "s"
         repo_plural = "" if len(repos) == 1 else "s"
         if len(repos) == 100:
-            star_count = "{0}+".format(star_count)
-            repo_count = "{0}+".format(repo_count)
+            star_count = f"{star_count}+"
+            repo_count = f"{repo_count}+"
         if len(repos) > 0:
             name = repos[0]["owner"]["login"]
             url = repos[0]["owner"]["html_url"]
         else:
             name = arg
-            url = "https://github.com/{0}".format(name)
+            url = f"https://github.com/{name}"
 
-        msg = "\x0303{0}\x0F has \x02{1}\x0F stargazer{2} across \x02{3}\x0F repo{4}: {5}"
-        self.reply(data, msg.format(
-            name, star_count, star_plural, repo_count, repo_plural, url))
+        msg = (
+            "\x0303{0}\x0f has \x02{1}\x0f stargazer{2} across \x02{3}\x0f repo{4}: {5}"
+        )
+        self.reply(
+            data,
+            msg.format(name, star_count, star_plural, repo_count, repo_plural, url),
+        )
 
     def get_repo(self, repo):
         """Return the API JSON dump for a given repository.
diff --git a/commands/urbandictionary.py b/commands/urbandictionary.py
index 1a0ed2c..f3c5ca5 100644
--- a/commands/urbandictionary.py
+++ b/commands/urbandictionary.py
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Public domain, 2013 Legoktm; 2013, 2018 Ben Kurtovic
-#
 
-from json import loads
 import re
-from urllib import quote
-from urllib2 import urlopen
+from json import loads
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class UrbanDictionary(Command):
     """Get the definition of a word or phrase using Urban Dictionary."""
+
     name = "urban"
     commands = ["urban", "urbandictionary", "dct", "ud"]
 
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ class UrbanDictionary(Command):
         res = loads(query)
         results = res.get("list")
         if not results:
-            self.reply(data, 'Sorry, no results found.')
+            self.reply(data, "Sorry, no results found.")
             return
 
         result = results[0]
@@ -44,9 +43,10 @@ class UrbanDictionary(Command):
         if definition and definition[-1] not in (".", "!", "?"):
             definition += "."
 
-        msg = "{0} \x02Example\x0F: {1} {2}".format(
-            definition.encode("utf8"), example.encode("utf8"), url)
+        msg = "{} \x02Example\x0f: {} {}".format(
+            definition.encode("utf8"), example.encode("utf8"), url
+        )
         if self._normalize_term(result["word"]) != self._normalize_term(arg):
-            msg = "\x02{0}\x0F: {1}".format(result["word"].encode("utf8"), msg)
+            msg = "\x02{}\x0f: {}".format(result["word"].encode("utf8"), msg)
 
         self.reply(data, msg)
diff --git a/commands/weather.py b/commands/weather.py
index 4d8d284..bbf2a49 100644
--- a/commands/weather.py
+++ b/commands/weather.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -22,13 +20,15 @@
 
 from datetime import datetime
 from json import loads
-from urllib import quote
-from urllib2 import urlopen
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class Weather(Command):
     """Get a weather forecast (via http://www.wunderground.com/)."""
+
     name = "weather"
     commands = ["weather", "weat", "forecast", "temperature", "temp"]
 
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ class Weather(Command):
         except KeyError:
             self.key = None
             addr = "http://wunderground.com/weather/api/"
-            config = 'config.commands["{0}"]["apiKey"]'.format(self.name)
+            config = f'config.commands["{self.name}"]["apiKey"]'
             log = "Cannot use without an API key from {0} stored as {1}"
             self.logger.warn(log.format(addr, config))
 
     def process(self, data):
         if not self.key:
             addr = "http://wunderground.com/weather/api/"
-            config = 'config.commands["{0}"]["apiKey"]'.format(self.name)
-            msg = "I need an API key from {0} stored as \x0303{1}\x0F."
+            config = f'config.commands["{self.name}"]["apiKey"]'
+            msg = "I need an API key from {0} stored as \x0303{1}\x0f."
             log = "Need an API key from {0} stored as {1}"
             self.reply(data, msg.format(addr, config))
             self.logger.error(log.format(addr, config))
@@ -58,21 +58,25 @@ class Weather(Command):
             if permdb.has_attr(data.host, "weather"):
                 location = permdb.get_attr(data.host, "weather")
             else:
-                msg = " ".join(("Where do you want the weather of? You can",
-                                "set a default with '!{0} default City,",
-                                "State' (or 'City, Country' if non-US)."))
+                msg = " ".join(
+                    (
+                        "Where do you want the weather of? You can",
+                        "set a default with '!{0} default City,",
+                        "State' (or 'City, Country' if non-US).",
+                    )
+                )
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(data.command))
                 return
         elif data.args[0] == "default":
             if data.args[1:]:
                 value = " ".join(data.args[1:])
                 permdb.set_attr(data.host, "weather", value)
-                msg = "\x0302{0}\x0F's default set to \x02{1}\x0F."
+                msg = "\x0302{0}\x0f's default set to \x02{1}\x0f."
                 self.reply(data, msg.format(data.host, value))
             else:
                 if permdb.has_attr(data.host, "weather"):
                     value = permdb.get_attr(data.host, "weather")
-                    msg = "\x0302{0}\x0F's default is \x02{1}\x0F."
+                    msg = "\x0302{0}\x0f's default is \x02{1}\x0f."
                     self.reply(data, msg.format(data.host, value))
                 else:
                     self.reply(data, "I need a value to set as your default.")
@@ -107,73 +111,82 @@ class Weather(Command):
         """Format the weather (as dict *data*) to be sent through IRC."""
         data = res["current_observation"]
         place = data["display_location"]["full"]
-        icon = self.get_icon(data["icon"], data["local_time_rfc822"],
-                             res["sun_phase"]).encode("utf8")
+        icon = self.get_icon(
+            data["icon"], data["local_time_rfc822"], res["sun_phase"]
+        ).encode("utf8")
         weather = data["weather"]
         temp_f, temp_c = data["temp_f"], data["temp_c"]
         humidity = data["relative_humidity"]
         wind_dir = data["wind_dir"]
         if wind_dir in ("North", "South", "East", "West"):
             wind_dir = wind_dir.lower()
-        wind = "{0} {1} mph".format(wind_dir, data["wind_mph"])
+        wind = "{} {} mph".format(wind_dir, data["wind_mph"])
         if float(data["wind_gust_mph"]) > float(data["wind_mph"]):
-            wind += " ({0} mph gusts)".format(data["wind_gust_mph"])
+            wind += " ({} mph gusts)".format(data["wind_gust_mph"])
 
-        msg = "\x02{0}\x0F: {1} {2}; {3}°F ({4}°C); {5} humidity; wind {6}"
+        msg = "\x02{0}\x0f: {1} {2}; {3}°F ({4}°C); {5} humidity; wind {6}"
         msg = msg.format(place, icon, weather, temp_f, temp_c, humidity, wind)
         if data["precip_today_in"] and float(data["precip_today_in"]) > 0:
-            msg += "; {0}″ precipitation today".format(data["precip_today_in"])
+            msg += "; {}″ precipitation today".format(data["precip_today_in"])
             if data["precip_1hr_in"] and float(data["precip_1hr_in"]) > 0:
-                msg += " ({0}″ past hour)".format(data["precip_1hr_in"])
+                msg += " ({}″ past hour)".format(data["precip_1hr_in"])
         return msg
 
     def get_icon(self, condition, local_time, sun_phase):
         """Return a unicode icon to describe the given weather condition."""
         icons = {
-            "chanceflurries": u"☃",
-            "chancerain": u"☂",
-            "chancesleet": u"☃",
-            "chancesnow": u"☃",
-            "chancetstorms": u"☂",
-            "clear": u"☽☀",
-            "cloudy": u"☁",
-            "flurries": u"☃",
-            "fog": u"☁",
-            "hazy": u"☁",
-            "mostlycloudy": u"☁",
-            "mostlysunny": u"☽☀",
-            "partlycloudy": u"☁",
-            "partlysunny": u"☽☀",
-            "rain": u"☂",
-            "sleet": u"☃",
-            "snow": u"☃",
-            "sunny": u"☽☀",
-            "tstorms": u"☂",
+            "chanceflurries": "☃",
+            "chancerain": "☂",
+            "chancesleet": "☃",
+            "chancesnow": "☃",
+            "chancetstorms": "☂",
+            "clear": "☽☀",
+            "cloudy": "☁",
+            "flurries": "☃",
+            "fog": "☁",
+            "hazy": "☁",
+            "mostlycloudy": "☁",
+            "mostlysunny": "☽☀",
+            "partlycloudy": "☁",
+            "partlysunny": "☽☀",
+            "rain": "☂",
+            "sleet": "☃",
+            "snow": "☃",
+            "sunny": "☽☀",
+            "tstorms": "☂",
         }
         try:
             icon = icons[condition]
             if len(icon) == 2:
                 lt_no_tz = local_time.rsplit(" ", 1)[0]
                 dt = datetime.strptime(lt_no_tz, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S")
-                srise = datetime(year=dt.year, month=dt.month, day=dt.day,
-                                 hour=int(sun_phase["sunrise"]["hour"]),
-                                 minute=int(sun_phase["sunrise"]["minute"]))
-                sset = datetime(year=dt.year, month=dt.month, day=dt.day,
-                                hour=int(sun_phase["sunset"]["hour"]),
-                                minute=int(sun_phase["sunset"]["minute"]))
+                srise = datetime(
+                    year=dt.year,
+                    month=dt.month,
+                    day=dt.day,
+                    hour=int(sun_phase["sunrise"]["hour"]),
+                    minute=int(sun_phase["sunrise"]["minute"]),
+                )
+                sset = datetime(
+                    year=dt.year,
+                    month=dt.month,
+                    day=dt.day,
+                    hour=int(sun_phase["sunset"]["hour"]),
+                    minute=int(sun_phase["sunset"]["minute"]),
+                )
                 return icon[int(srise < dt < sset)]
             return icon
         except KeyError:
-            return u"?"
+            return "?"
 
     def format_ambiguous_result(self, res):
         """Format a message when there are multiple possible results."""
         results = []
         for place in res["response"]["results"]:
             extra = place["state" if place["state"] else "country"]
-            results.append("{0}, {1}".format(place["city"], extra))
+            results.append("{}, {}".format(place["city"], extra))
         if len(results) > 21:
             extra = len(results) - 20
             res = "; ".join(results[:20])
-            return "Did you mean: {0}... ({1} others)?".format(res, extra)
-        return "Did you mean: {0}?".format("; ".join(results))
+            return f"Did you mean: {res}... ({extra} others)?"
+        return "Did you mean: {}?".format("; ".join(results))
diff --git a/commands/welcome.py b/commands/welcome.py
index 62e5b34..93beb66 100644
--- a/commands/welcome.py
+++ b/commands/welcome.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2015 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -25,8 +23,10 @@ from time import sleep, time
 
 from earwigbot.commands import Command
 
+
 class Welcome(Command):
     """Welcome people who enter certain channels."""
+
     name = "welcome"
     commands = ["welcome", "greet"]
     hooks = ["join", "part", "msg"]
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class Welcome(Command):
         if not data.host.startswith("gateway/web/"):
             return
 
-        t_id = "welcome-{0}-{1}".format(data.chan.replace("#", ""), data.nick)
+        t_id = "welcome-{}-{}".format(data.chan.replace("#", ""), data.nick)
         thread = Thread(target=self._callback, name=t_id, args=(data,))
         thread.daemon = True
         thread.start()
@@ -107,32 +107,40 @@ class Welcome(Command):
                 if len(data.args) < 2:
                     self.reply(data, "Which channel should I disable?")
                 elif data.args[1] in self.disabled:
-                    msg = "Welcoming in \x02{0}\x0F is already disabled."
+                    msg = "Welcoming in \x02{0}\x0f is already disabled."
                     self.reply(data, msg.format(data.args[1]))
                 elif data.args[1] not in self.channels:
-                    msg = ("I'm not welcoming people in \x02{0}\x0F. "
-                           "Only the bot owner can add new channels.")
+                    msg = (
+                        "I'm not welcoming people in \x02{0}\x0f. "
+                        "Only the bot owner can add new channels."
+                    )
                     self.reply(data, msg.format(data.args[1]))
                 else:
                     self.disabled.append(data.args[1])
-                    msg = ("Disabled welcoming in \x02{0}\x0F. Re-enable with "
-                           "\x0306!welcome enable {0}\x0F.")
+                    msg = (
+                        "Disabled welcoming in \x02{0}\x0f. Re-enable with "
+                        "\x0306!welcome enable {0}\x0f."
+                    )
                     self.reply(data, msg.format(data.args[1]))
             elif data.args[0] == "enable":
                 if len(data.args) < 2:
                     self.reply(data, "Which channel should I enable?")
                 elif data.args[1] not in self.disabled:
-                    msg = ("I don't have welcoming disabled in \x02{0}\x0F. "
-                           "Only the bot owner can add new channels.")
+                    msg = (
+                        "I don't have welcoming disabled in \x02{0}\x0f. "
+                        "Only the bot owner can add new channels."
+                    )
                     self.reply(data, msg.format(data.args[1]))
                 else:
                     self.disabled.remove(data.args[1])
-                    msg = "Enabled welcoming in \x02{0}\x0F."
+                    msg = "Enabled welcoming in \x02{0}\x0f."
                     self.reply(data, msg.format(data.args[1]))
             else:
                 self.reply(data, "I don't understand that command.")
         else:
-            msg = ("This command welcomes people who enter certain channels. "
-                   "I am welcoming people in: {0}. A bot admin can disable me "
-                   "with \x0306!welcome disable [channel]\x0F.")
+            msg = (
+                "This command welcomes people who enter certain channels. "
+                "I am welcoming people in: {0}. A bot admin can disable me "
+                "with \x0306!welcome disable [channel]\x0f."
+            )
             self.reply(data, msg.format(", ".join(self.channels.keys())))
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a30030f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py311"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F", "I", "UP"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["earwigbot"]
diff --git a/tasks/afc_catdelink.py b/tasks/afc_catdelink.py
index ad5618c..3b3b2b6 100644
--- a/tasks/afc_catdelink.py
+++ b/tasks/afc_catdelink.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -22,9 +20,11 @@
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
+
 class AfCCatDelink(Task):
     """A task to delink mainspace categories in declined [[WP:AFC]]
     submissions."""
+
     name = "afc_catdelink"
     number = 8
 
diff --git a/tasks/afc_copyvios.py b/tasks/afc_copyvios.py
index 562371a..a8f8695 100644
--- a/tasks/afc_copyvios.py
+++ b/tasks/afc_copyvios.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -30,9 +28,11 @@ import oursql
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
+
 class AfCCopyvios(Task):
     """A task to check newly-edited [[WP:AFC]] submissions for copyright
     violations."""
+
     name = "afc_copyvios"
     number = 1
 
@@ -44,10 +44,11 @@ class AfCCopyvios(Task):
         self.max_queries = cfg.get("maxQueries", 10)
         self.max_time = cfg.get("maxTime", 150)
         self.cache_results = cfg.get("cacheResults", False)
-        default_summary = "Tagging suspected [[WP:COPYVIO|copyright violation]] of {url}."
+        default_summary = (
+            "Tagging suspected [[WP:COPYVIO|copyright violation]] of {url}."
+        )
         self.summary = self.make_summary(cfg.get("summary", default_summary))
-        default_tags = [
-            "Db-g12", "Db-copyvio", "Copyvio", "Copyviocore" "Copypaste"]
+        default_tags = ["Db-g12", "Db-copyvio", "Copyvio", "Copyviocore" "Copypaste"]
         self.tags = default_tags + cfg.get("tags", [])
 
         # Connection data for our SQL database:
@@ -76,38 +77,39 @@ class AfCCopyvios(Task):
         """Detect copyvios in 'page' and add a note if any are found."""
         title = page.title
         if title in self.ignore_list:
-            msg = u"Skipping [[{0}]], in ignore list"
+            msg = "Skipping [[{0}]], in ignore list"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(title))
             return
 
         pageid = page.pageid
         if self.has_been_processed(pageid):
-            msg = u"Skipping [[{0}]], already processed"
+            msg = "Skipping [[{0}]], already processed"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(title))
             return
         code = mwparserfromhell.parse(page.get())
         if not self.is_pending(code):
-            msg = u"Skipping [[{0}]], not a pending submission"
+            msg = "Skipping [[{0}]], not a pending submission"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(title))
             return
         tag = self.is_tagged(code)
         if tag:
-            msg = u"Skipping [[{0}]], already tagged with '{1}'"
+            msg = "Skipping [[{0}]], already tagged with '{1}'"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(title, tag))
             return
 
-        self.logger.info(u"Checking [[{0}]]".format(title))
-        result = page.copyvio_check(self.min_confidence, self.max_queries,
-                                    self.max_time)
+        self.logger.info(f"Checking [[{title}]]")
+        result = page.copyvio_check(
+            self.min_confidence, self.max_queries, self.max_time
+        )
         url = result.url
-        orig_conf = "{0}%".format(round(result.confidence * 100, 2))
+        orig_conf = f"{round(result.confidence * 100, 2)}%"
 
         if result.violation:
             if self.handle_violation(title, page, url, orig_conf):
                 self.log_processed(pageid)
                 return
         else:
-            msg = u"No violations detected in [[{0}]] (best: {1} at {2} confidence)"
+            msg = "No violations detected in [[{0}]] (best: {1} at {2} confidence)"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(title, url, orig_conf))
 
         self.log_processed(pageid)
@@ -122,22 +124,22 @@ class AfCCopyvios(Task):
         content = page.get()
         tag = self.is_tagged(mwparserfromhell.parse(content))
         if tag:
-            msg = u"A violation was detected in [[{0}]], but it was tagged"
-            msg += u" in the mean time with '{1}' (best: {2} at {3} confidence)"
+            msg = "A violation was detected in [[{0}]], but it was tagged"
+            msg += " in the mean time with '{1}' (best: {2} at {3} confidence)"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(title, tag, url, orig_conf))
             return True
         confirm = page.copyvio_compare(url, self.min_confidence)
-        new_conf = "{0}%".format(round(confirm.confidence * 100, 2))
+        new_conf = f"{round(confirm.confidence * 100, 2)}%"
         if not confirm.violation:
-            msg = u"A violation was detected in [[{0}]], but couldn't be confirmed."
-            msg += u" It may have just been edited (best: {1} at {2} -> {3} confidence)"
+            msg = "A violation was detected in [[{0}]], but couldn't be confirmed."
+            msg += " It may have just been edited (best: {1} at {2} -> {3} confidence)"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(title, url, orig_conf, new_conf))
             return True
 
-        msg = u"Found violation: [[{0}]] -> {1} ({2} confidence)"
+        msg = "Found violation: [[{0}]] -> {1} ({2} confidence)"
         self.logger.info(msg.format(title, url, new_conf))
         safeurl = quote(url.encode("utf8"), safe="/:").decode("utf8")
-        template = u"\{\{{0}|url={1}|confidence={2}\}\}\n"
+        template = "\{\{{0}|url={1}|confidence={2}\}\}\n"
         template = template.format(self.template, safeurl, new_conf)
         newtext = template + content
         if "{url}" in self.summary:
@@ -206,9 +208,11 @@ class AfCCopyvios(Task):
         query1 = "DELETE FROM cache WHERE cache_id = ?"
         query2 = "INSERT INTO cache VALUES (?, DEFAULT, ?, ?)"
         query3 = "INSERT INTO cache_data VALUES (DEFAULT, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
-        cache_id = buffer(sha256("1:1:" + page.get().encode("utf8")).digest())
-        data = [(cache_id, source.url, source.confidence, source.skipped)
-                for source in result.sources]
+        cache_id = sha256("1:1:" + page.get().encode("utf8")).digest()
+        data = [
+            (cache_id, source.url, source.confidence, source.skipped)
+            for source in result.sources
+        ]
         with self.conn.cursor() as cursor:
             cursor.execute("START TRANSACTION")
             cursor.execute(query1, (cache_id,))
diff --git a/tasks/afc_dailycats.py b/tasks/afc_dailycats.py
index 58afe32..d09617e 100644
--- a/tasks/afc_dailycats.py
+++ b/tasks/afc_dailycats.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -24,8 +22,10 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
+
 class AfCDailyCats(Task):
     """A task to create daily categories for [[WP:AFC]]."""
+
     name = "afc_dailycats"
     number = 3
 
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ class AfCDailyCats(Task):
         cfg = self.config.tasks.get(self.name, {})
         self.prefix = cfg.get("prefix", "Category:AfC submissions by date/")
         self.content = cfg.get("content", "{{AfC submission category header}}")
-        default_summary = "Creating {0} category page for [[WP:AFC|Articles for creation]]."
+        default_summary = (
+            "Creating {0} category page for [[WP:AFC|Articles for creation]]."
+        )
         self.summary = self.make_summary(cfg.get("summary", default_summary))
 
     def run(self, **kwargs):
@@ -57,6 +59,6 @@ class AfCDailyCats(Task):
         page = self.site.get_page(self.prefix + suffix)
         if page.exists == page.PAGE_MISSING:
             page.edit(self.content, self.summary.format(word))
-            self.logger.info(u"Creating [[{0}]]".format(page.title))
+            self.logger.info(f"Creating [[{page.title}]]")
         else:
-            self.logger.debug(u"Skipping [[{0}]], exists".format(page.title))
+            self.logger.debug(f"Skipping [[{page.title}]], exists")
diff --git a/tasks/afc_history.py b/tasks/afc_history.py
index 8cdb182..c5813a2 100644
--- a/tasks/afc_history.py
+++ b/tasks/afc_history.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -22,8 +20,10 @@
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
+
 class AfCHistory(Task):
     """A task to generate information about AfC submissions over time."""
+
     name = "afc_history"
 
     def setup(self):
diff --git a/tasks/afc_statistics.py b/tasks/afc_statistics.py
index 27caab1..ad4cc70 100644
--- a/tasks/afc_statistics.py
+++ b/tasks/afc_statistics.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2019 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -20,9 +18,9 @@
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 
+import re
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from datetime import datetime
-import re
 from os.path import expanduser
 from threading import Lock
 from time import sleep
@@ -30,8 +28,7 @@ from time import sleep
 import mwparserfromhell
 import oursql
 
-from earwigbot import exceptions
-from earwigbot import wiki
+from earwigbot import exceptions, wiki
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
 _DEFAULT_PAGE_TEXT = """<noinclude><!-- You can edit anything on this page \
@@ -47,6 +44,7 @@ templates it uses, documented in [[Template:AfC statistics/doc]]. -->
 
 _PER_CHART_LIMIT = 1000
 
+
 class AfCStatistics(Task):
     """A task to generate statistics for WikiProject Articles for Creation.
 
@@ -55,6 +53,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
     every four minutes and saved once an hour, on the hour, to subpages of
     self.pageroot. In the live bot, this is "Template:AfC statistics".
     """
+
     name = "afc_statistics"
     number = 2
 
@@ -75,7 +74,9 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         self.pageroot = cfg.get("page", "Template:AfC statistics")
         self.pending_cat = cfg.get("pending", "Pending AfC submissions")
         self.ignore_list = cfg.get("ignoreList", [])
-        default_summary = "Updating statistics for [[WP:WPAFC|WikiProject Articles for creation]]."
+        default_summary = (
+            "Updating statistics for [[WP:WPAFC|WikiProject Articles for creation]]."
+        )
         self.summary = self.make_summary(cfg.get("summary", default_summary))
 
         # Templates used in chart generation:
@@ -143,24 +144,29 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
 
     def _save_page(self, name, chart, summary):
         """Save a statistics chart to a single page."""
-        page = self.site.get_page(u"{}/{}".format(self.pageroot, name))
+        page = self.site.get_page(f"{self.pageroot}/{name}")
         try:
             text = page.get()
         except exceptions.PageNotFoundError:
             text = _DEFAULT_PAGE_TEXT % {"pageroot": self.pageroot}
 
-        newtext = re.sub(u"<!-- stat begin -->(.*?)<!-- stat end -->",
-                         "<!-- stat begin -->" + chart + "<!-- stat end -->",
-                         text, flags=re.DOTALL)
+        newtext = re.sub(
+            "<!-- stat begin -->(.*?)<!-- stat end -->",
+            "<!-- stat begin -->" + chart + "<!-- stat end -->",
+            text,
+            flags=re.DOTALL,
+        )
         if newtext == text:
-            self.logger.info(u"Chart for {} unchanged; not saving".format(name))
+            self.logger.info(f"Chart for {name} unchanged; not saving")
             return
 
-        newtext = re.sub("<!-- sig begin -->(.*?)<!-- sig end -->",
-                         "<!-- sig begin -->~~~ at ~~~~~<!-- sig end -->",
-                         newtext)
+        newtext = re.sub(
+            "<!-- sig begin -->(.*?)<!-- sig end -->",
+            "<!-- sig begin -->~~~ at ~~~~~<!-- sig end -->",
+            newtext,
+        )
         page.edit(newtext, summary, minor=True, bot=True)
-        self.logger.info(u"Chart for {} saved to [[{}]]".format(name, page.title))
+        self.logger.info(f"Chart for {name} saved to [[{page.title}]]")
 
     def _compile_charts(self):
         """Compile and return all statistics information from our local db."""
@@ -168,20 +174,20 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         with self.conn.cursor(oursql.DictCursor) as cursor:
             cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM chart")
             for chart in cursor:
-                name = chart['chart_name']
+                name = chart["chart_name"]
                 stats[name] = self._compile_chart(chart)
         return stats
 
     def _compile_chart(self, chart_info):
         """Compile and return a single statistics chart."""
-        chart = self.tl_header + "|" + chart_info['chart_title']
-        if chart_info['chart_special_title']:
-            chart += "|" + chart_info['chart_special_title']
+        chart = self.tl_header + "|" + chart_info["chart_title"]
+        if chart_info["chart_special_title"]:
+            chart += "|" + chart_info["chart_special_title"]
         chart = "{{" + chart + "}}"
 
         query = "SELECT * FROM page JOIN row ON page_id = row_id WHERE row_chart = ?"
         with self.conn.cursor(oursql.DictCursor) as cursor:
-            cursor.execute(query, (chart_info['chart_id'],))
+            cursor.execute(query, (chart_info["chart_id"],))
             rows = cursor.fetchall()
             skipped = max(0, len(rows) - _PER_CHART_LIMIT)
             rows = rows[:_PER_CHART_LIMIT]
@@ -190,7 +196,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
 
         footer = "{{" + self.tl_footer
         if skipped:
-            footer += "|skip={}".format(skipped)
+            footer += f"|skip={skipped}"
         footer += "}}"
         chart += "\n" + footer + "\n"
         return chart
@@ -201,9 +207,11 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         'page' is a dict of page information, taken as a row from the page
         table, where keys are column names and values are their cell contents.
         """
-        row = u"{0}|s={page_status}|t={page_title}|z={page_size}|"
+        row = "{0}|s={page_status}|t={page_title}|z={page_size}|"
         if page["page_special_oldid"]:
-            row += "sr={page_special_user}|sd={page_special_time}|si={page_special_oldid}|"
+            row += (
+                "sr={page_special_user}|sd={page_special_time}|si={page_special_oldid}|"
+            )
         row += "mr={page_modify_user}|md={page_modify_time}|mi={page_modify_oldid}"
 
         page["page_special_time"] = self._fmt_time(page["page_special_time"])
@@ -236,7 +244,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         self.logger.info("Starting sync")
 
         replag = self.site.get_replag()
-        self.logger.debug("Server replag is {0}".format(replag))
+        self.logger.debug(f"Server replag is {replag}")
         if replag > 600 and not kwargs.get("ignore_replag"):
             msg = "Sync canceled as replag ({0} secs) is greater than ten minutes"
             self.logger.warn(msg.format(replag))
@@ -277,18 +285,18 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
             if oldid == real_oldid:
                 continue
 
-            msg = u"Updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1}) @ {2}"
+            msg = "Updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1}) @ {2}"
             self.logger.debug(msg.format(title, pageid, oldid))
-            msg = u"  {0}: oldid: {1} -> {2}"
+            msg = "  {0}: oldid: {1} -> {2}"
             self.logger.debug(msg.format(pageid, oldid, real_oldid))
             real_title = real_title.decode("utf8").replace("_", " ")
             ns = self.site.namespace_id_to_name(real_ns)
             if ns:
-                real_title = u":".join((ns, real_title))
+                real_title = ":".join((ns, real_title))
             try:
                 self._update_page(cursor, pageid, real_title)
             except Exception:
-                e = u"Error updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1})"
+                e = "Error updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1})"
                 self.logger.exception(e.format(real_title, pageid))
 
     def _add_untracked(self, cursor):
@@ -317,15 +325,15 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
             title = title.decode("utf8").replace("_", " ")
             ns_name = self.site.namespace_id_to_name(ns)
             if ns_name:
-                title = u":".join((ns_name, title))
+                title = ":".join((ns_name, title))
             if title in self.ignore_list or ns == wiki.NS_CATEGORY:
                 continue
-            msg = u"Tracking page [[{0}]] (id: {1})".format(title, pageid)
+            msg = f"Tracking page [[{title}]] (id: {pageid})"
             self.logger.debug(msg)
             try:
                 self._track_page(cursor, pageid, title)
             except Exception:
-                e = u"Error tracking page [[{0}]] (id: {1})"
+                e = "Error tracking page [[{0}]] (id: {1})"
                 self.logger.exception(e.format(title, pageid))
 
     def _update_stale(self, cursor):
@@ -345,12 +353,12 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         cursor.execute(query)
 
         for pageid, title, oldid in cursor:
-            msg = u"Updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1}) @ {2}"
+            msg = "Updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1}) @ {2}"
             self.logger.debug(msg.format(title, pageid, oldid))
             try:
                 self._update_page(cursor, pageid, title)
             except Exception:
-                e = u"Error updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1})"
+                e = "Error updating page [[{0}]] (id: {1})"
                 self.logger.exception(e.format(title, pageid))
 
     def _delete_old(self, cursor):
@@ -370,7 +378,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
 
     def _untrack_page(self, cursor, pageid):
         """Remove a page, given by ID, from our database."""
-        self.logger.debug("Untracking page (id: {0})".format(pageid))
+        self.logger.debug(f"Untracking page (id: {pageid})")
         query = """DELETE FROM page, row, updatelog USING page JOIN row
                    ON page_id = row_id JOIN updatelog ON page_id = update_id
                    WHERE page_id = ?"""
@@ -384,14 +392,14 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         """
         content = self._get_content(pageid)
         if content is None:
-            msg = u"Could not get page content for [[{0}]]".format(title)
+            msg = f"Could not get page content for [[{title}]]"
             self.logger.error(msg)
             return
 
         namespace = self.site.get_page(title).namespace
         status, chart = self._get_status_and_chart(content, namespace)
         if chart == self.CHART_NONE:
-            msg = u"Could not find a status for [[{0}]]".format(title)
+            msg = f"Could not find a status for [[{title}]]"
             self.logger.warn(msg)
             return
 
@@ -403,8 +411,22 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         query2 = "INSERT INTO page VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
         query3 = "INSERT INTO updatelog VALUES (?, ?)"
         cursor.execute(query1, (pageid, chart))
-        cursor.execute(query2, (pageid, status, title, len(content), notes,
-                                m_user, m_time, m_id, s_user, s_time, s_id))
+        cursor.execute(
+            query2,
+            (
+                pageid,
+                status,
+                title,
+                len(content),
+                notes,
+                m_user,
+                m_time,
+                m_id,
+                s_user,
+                s_time,
+                s_id,
+            ),
+        )
         cursor.execute(query3, (pageid, datetime.utcnow()))
 
     def _update_page(self, cursor, pageid, title):
@@ -416,7 +438,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         """
         content = self._get_content(pageid)
         if content is None:
-            msg = u"Could not get page content for [[{0}]]".format(title)
+            msg = f"Could not get page content for [[{title}]]"
             self.logger.error(msg)
             return
 
@@ -437,12 +459,14 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
             self._update_page_title(cursor, result, pageid, title)
 
         if m_id != result["page_modify_oldid"]:
-            self._update_page_modify(cursor, result, pageid, len(content),
-                                     m_user, m_time, m_id)
+            self._update_page_modify(
+                cursor, result, pageid, len(content), m_user, m_time, m_id
+            )
 
         if status != result["page_status"]:
-            special = self._update_page_status(cursor, result, pageid, content,
-                                               status, chart)
+            special = self._update_page_status(
+                cursor, result, pageid, content, status, chart
+            )
             s_user = special[0]
         else:
             s_user = result["page_special_user"]
@@ -461,7 +485,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         query = "UPDATE page SET page_title = ? WHERE page_id = ?"
         cursor.execute(query, (title, pageid))
 
-        msg = u"  {0}: title: {1} -> {2}"
+        msg = "  {0}: title: {1} -> {2}"
         self.logger.debug(msg.format(pageid, result["page_title"], title))
 
     def _update_page_modify(self, cursor, result, pageid, size, m_user, m_time, m_id):
@@ -471,10 +495,16 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
                    WHERE page_id = ?"""
         cursor.execute(query, (size, m_user, m_time, m_id, pageid))
 
-        msg = u"  {0}: modify: {1} / {2} / {3} -> {4} / {5} / {6}"
-        msg = msg.format(pageid, result["page_modify_user"],
-                         result["page_modify_time"],
-                         result["page_modify_oldid"], m_user, m_time, m_id)
+        msg = "  {0}: modify: {1} / {2} / {3} -> {4} / {5} / {6}"
+        msg = msg.format(
+            pageid,
+            result["page_modify_user"],
+            result["page_modify_time"],
+            result["page_modify_oldid"],
+            m_user,
+            m_time,
+            m_id,
+        )
         self.logger.debug(msg)
 
     def _update_page_status(self, cursor, result, pageid, content, status, chart):
@@ -487,16 +517,25 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         cursor.execute(query1, (status, chart, pageid))
 
         msg = "  {0}: status: {1} ({2}) -> {3} ({4})"
-        self.logger.debug(msg.format(pageid, result["page_status"],
-                                     result["row_chart"], status, chart))
+        self.logger.debug(
+            msg.format(
+                pageid, result["page_status"], result["row_chart"], status, chart
+            )
+        )
 
         s_user, s_time, s_id = self._get_special(pageid, content, chart)
         if s_id != result["page_special_oldid"]:
             cursor.execute(query2, (s_user, s_time, s_id, pageid))
-            msg = u"  {0}: special: {1} / {2} / {3} -> {4} / {5} / {6}"
-            msg = msg.format(pageid, result["page_special_user"],
-                             result["page_special_time"],
-                             result["page_special_oldid"], s_user, s_time, s_id)
+            msg = "  {0}: special: {1} / {2} / {3} -> {4} / {5} / {6}"
+            msg = msg.format(
+                pageid,
+                result["page_special_user"],
+                result["page_special_time"],
+                result["page_special_oldid"],
+                s_user,
+                s_time,
+                s_id,
+            )
             self.logger.debug(msg)
 
         return s_user, s_time, s_id
@@ -529,9 +568,13 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         """Get the content of a revision by ID from the API."""
         if revid in self.revision_cache:
             return self.revision_cache[revid]
-        res = self.site.api_query(action="query", prop="revisions",
-                                  rvprop="content", rvslots="main",
-                                  revids=revid)
+        res = self.site.api_query(
+            action="query",
+            prop="revisions",
+            rvprop="content",
+            rvslots="main",
+            revids=revid,
+        )
         try:
             revision = res["query"]["pages"].values()[0]["revisions"][0]
             content = revision["slots"]["main"]["*"]
@@ -577,7 +620,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
             "afc submission/reviewing": "R",
             "afc submission/pending": "P",
             "afc submission/draft": "T",
-            "afc submission/declined": "D"
+            "afc submission/declined": "D",
         }
         statuses = []
         code = mwparserfromhell.parse(content)
@@ -629,7 +672,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
             self.CHART_ACCEPT: self.get_accepted,
             self.CHART_REVIEW: self.get_reviewing,
             self.CHART_PEND: self.get_pending,
-            self.CHART_DECLINE: self.get_decline
+            self.CHART_DECLINE: self.get_decline,
         }
         return charts[chart](pageid, content)
 
@@ -675,7 +718,8 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         params = ("decliner", "declinets")
         res = self._get_status_helper(pageid, content, ("D"), params)
         return res or self._search_history(
-            pageid, self.CHART_DECLINE, ["D"], ["R", "P", "T"])
+            pageid, self.CHART_DECLINE, ["D"], ["R", "P", "T"]
+        )
 
     def _get_status_helper(self, pageid, content, statuses, params):
         """Helper function for get_pending() and get_decline()."""
@@ -686,7 +730,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
             if tmpl.name.strip().lower() == "afc submission":
                 if all([tmpl.has(par, ignore_empty=True) for par in params]):
                     if status in statuses:
-                        data = [unicode(tmpl.get(par).value) for par in params]
+                        data = [str(tmpl.get(par).value) for par in params]
                         submits.append(data)
         if not submits:
             return None
@@ -774,7 +818,7 @@ class AfCStatistics(Task):
         if re.search(regex, content):
             notes += "|nc=1"  # Submission is a suspected copyvio
 
-        if not re.search(r"\<ref\s*(.*?)\>(.*?)\</ref\>", content, re.I|re.S):
+        if not re.search(r"\<ref\s*(.*?)\>(.*?)\</ref\>", content, re.I | re.S):
             regex = r"(https?:)|\[//(?!{0})([^ \]\t\n\r\f\v]+?)"
             sitedomain = re.escape(self.site.domain)
             if re.search(regex.format(sitedomain), content, re.I | re.S):
diff --git a/tasks/afc_undated.py b/tasks/afc_undated.py
index d7c1b30..dea12bf 100644
--- a/tasks/afc_undated.py
+++ b/tasks/afc_undated.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2015 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -25,28 +23,49 @@ from datetime import datetime
 import mwparserfromhell
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
-from earwigbot.wiki.constants import *
+from earwigbot.wiki.constants import (
+    NS_CATEGORY,
+    NS_CATEGORY_TALK,
+    NS_FILE,
+    NS_FILE_TALK,
+    NS_HELP_TALK,
+    NS_PROJECT,
+    NS_PROJECT_TALK,
+    NS_TALK,
+    NS_TEMPLATE,
+    NS_TEMPLATE_TALK,
+    NS_USER,
+)
 
 NS_DRAFT = 118
 
+
 class AfCUndated(Task):
     """A task to clear [[Category:Undated AfC submissions]]."""
+
     name = "afc_undated"
     number = 5
 
     def setup(self):
         cfg = self.config.tasks.get(self.name, {})
         self.category = cfg.get("category", "Undated AfC submissions")
-        default_summary = "Adding timestamp to undated [[WP:AFC|Articles for creation]] submission."
+        default_summary = (
+            "Adding timestamp to undated [[WP:AFC|Articles for creation]] submission."
+        )
         self.summary = self.make_summary(cfg.get("summary", default_summary))
         self.namespaces = {
             "submission": [NS_USER, NS_PROJECT, NS_PROJECT_TALK, NS_DRAFT],
-            "talk": [NS_TALK, NS_FILE_TALK, NS_TEMPLATE_TALK, NS_HELP_TALK,
-                     NS_CATEGORY_TALK]
+            "talk": [
+                NS_TALK,
+                NS_FILE_TALK,
+                NS_TEMPLATE_TALK,
+                NS_HELP_TALK,
+                NS_CATEGORY_TALK,
+            ],
         }
         self.aliases = {
             "submission": ["AfC submission"],
-            "talk": ["WikiProject Articles for creation"]
+            "talk": ["WikiProject Articles for creation"],
         }
 
     def run(self, **kwargs):
@@ -59,7 +78,7 @@ class AfCUndated(Task):
 
         self.site = self.bot.wiki.get_site()
         category = self.site.get_category(self.category)
-        logmsg = u"Undated category [[{0}]] has {1} members"
+        logmsg = "Undated category [[{0}]] has {1} members"
         self.logger.info(logmsg.format(category.title, category.size))
         if category.size:
             self._build_aliases()
@@ -77,8 +96,12 @@ class AfCUndated(Task):
             base = self.aliases[key][0]
             aliases = [base, "Template:" + base]
             result = self.site.api_query(
-                action="query", list="backlinks", bllimit=50,
-                blfilterredir="redirects", bltitle=aliases[1])
+                action="query",
+                list="backlinks",
+                bllimit=50,
+                blfilterredir="redirects",
+                bltitle=aliases[1],
+            )
             for data in result["query"]["backlinks"]:
                 redir = self.site.get_page(data["title"])
                 aliases.append(redir.title)
@@ -89,7 +112,7 @@ class AfCUndated(Task):
     def _process_page(self, page):
         """Date the necessary templates inside a page object."""
         if not page.check_exclusion():
-            msg = u"Skipping [[{0}]]; bot excluded from editing"
+            msg = "Skipping [[{0}]]; bot excluded from editing"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(page.title))
             return
 
@@ -102,7 +125,7 @@ class AfCUndated(Task):
             aliases = self.aliases["talk"]
             timestamp, reviewer = self._get_talkdata(page)
         else:
-            msg = u"[[{0}]] is undated, but in a namespace I don't know how to process"
+            msg = "[[{0}]] is undated, but in a namespace I don't know how to process"
             self.logger.warn(msg.format(page.title))
             return
         if not timestamp:
@@ -120,22 +143,27 @@ class AfCUndated(Task):
                 changes += 1
 
         if changes:
-            msg = u"Dating [[{0}]]: {1}x {2}"
+            msg = "Dating [[{0}]]: {1}x {2}"
             self.logger.info(msg.format(page.title, changes, aliases[0]))
-            page.edit(unicode(code), self.summary)
+            page.edit(str(code), self.summary)
         else:
-            msg = u"[[{0}]] is undated, but I can't figure out what to replace"
+            msg = "[[{0}]] is undated, but I can't figure out what to replace"
             self.logger.warn(msg.format(page.title))
 
     def _get_timestamp(self, page):
         """Get the timestamp associated with a particular submission."""
-        self.logger.debug(u"[[{0}]]: Getting timestamp".format(page.title))
+        self.logger.debug(f"[[{page.title}]]: Getting timestamp")
         result = self.site.api_query(
-            action="query", prop="revisions", rvprop="timestamp", rvlimit=1,
-            rvdir="newer", titles=page.title)
+            action="query",
+            prop="revisions",
+            rvprop="timestamp",
+            rvlimit=1,
+            rvdir="newer",
+            titles=page.title,
+        )
         data = result["query"]["pages"].values()[0]
         if "revisions" not in data:
-            log = u"Couldn't get timestamp for [[{0}]]"
+            log = "Couldn't get timestamp for [[{0}]]"
             self.logger.warn(log.format(page.title))
             return None
         raw = data["revisions"][0]["timestamp"]
@@ -150,32 +178,33 @@ class AfCUndated(Task):
         """
         subject = page.toggle_talk()
         if subject.exists == subject.PAGE_MISSING:
-            log = u"Couldn't process [[{0}]]: subject page doesn't exist"
+            log = "Couldn't process [[{0}]]: subject page doesn't exist"
             self.logger.warn(log.format(page.title))
             return None, None
         if subject.namespace == NS_FILE:
-            self.logger.debug(u"[[{0}]]: Getting filedata".format(page.title))
+            self.logger.debug(f"[[{page.title}]]: Getting filedata")
             return self._get_filedata(subject)
 
-        self.logger.debug(u"[[{0}]]: Getting talkdata".format(page.title))
+        self.logger.debug(f"[[{page.title}]]: Getting talkdata")
         user, ts, revid = self.statistics.get_accepted(subject.pageid)
         if not ts:
             if subject.is_redirect or subject.namespace == NS_CATEGORY:
-                log = u"[[{0}]]: Couldn't get talkdata; trying redir/cat data"
+                log = "[[{0}]]: Couldn't get talkdata; trying redir/cat data"
                 self.logger.debug(log.format(page.title))
                 return self._get_redirdata(subject)
-            log = u"Couldn't get talkdata for [[{0}]]"
+            log = "Couldn't get talkdata for [[{0}]]"
             self.logger.warn(log.format(page.title))
             return None, None
         return ts.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S"), user
 
     def _get_filedata(self, page):
         """Get the timestamp and reviewer associated with a file talkpage."""
-        result = self.site.api_query(action="query", prop="imageinfo",
-                                     titles=page.title)
+        result = self.site.api_query(
+            action="query", prop="imageinfo", titles=page.title
+        )
         data = result["query"]["pages"].values()[0]
         if "imageinfo" not in data:
-            log = u"Couldn't get filedata for [[{0}]]"
+            log = "Couldn't get filedata for [[{0}]]"
             self.logger.warn(log.format(page.title))
             return None, None
         info = data["imageinfo"][0]
@@ -185,10 +214,15 @@ class AfCUndated(Task):
     def _get_redirdata(self, page):
         """Get the timestamp and reviewer for a redirect/category talkpage."""
         result = self.site.api_query(
-            action="query", prop="revisions", rvprop="timestamp|user",
-            rvlimit=1, rvdir="newer", titles=page.title)
+            action="query",
+            prop="revisions",
+            rvprop="timestamp|user",
+            rvlimit=1,
+            rvdir="newer",
+            titles=page.title,
+        )
         if "batchcomplete" not in result:
-            log = u"Couldn't get redir/cat talkdata for [[{0}]]: has multiple revisions"
+            log = "Couldn't get redir/cat talkdata for [[{0}]]: has multiple revisions"
             self.logger.warn(log.format(page.title))
             return None, None
         rev = result["query"]["pages"].values()[0]["revisions"][0]
diff --git a/tasks/banner_untag.py b/tasks/banner_untag.py
index 264a323..221e987 100644
--- a/tasks/banner_untag.py
+++ b/tasks/banner_untag.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2017 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -24,8 +22,10 @@ import time
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
+
 class BannerUntag(Task):
     """A task to undo mistaken tagging edits made by wikiproject_tagger."""
+
     name = "banner_untag"
     number = 14
 
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ class BannerUntag(Task):
             done = [int(line) for line in donefp.read().splitlines()]
 
         with open(rev_file) as fp:
-            data = [[int(x) for x in line.split("\t")]
-                    for line in fp.read().splitlines()]
+            data = [
+                [int(x) for x in line.split("\t")] for line in fp.read().splitlines()
+            ]
             data = [item for item in data if item[0] not in done]
 
         with open(error_file, "a") as errfp:
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ class BannerUntag(Task):
     def _process_data(self, data, errfile, donefile):
         chunksize = 50
         for chunkidx in range((len(data) + chunksize - 1) / chunksize):
-            chunk = data[chunkidx*chunksize:(chunkidx+1)*chunksize]
+            chunk = data[chunkidx * chunksize : (chunkidx + 1) * chunksize]
             if self.shutoff_enabled():
                 return
             self._process_chunk(chunk, errfile, donefile)
@@ -61,8 +62,12 @@ class BannerUntag(Task):
     def _process_chunk(self, chunk, errfile, donefile):
         pageids_to_revids = dict(chunk)
         res = self.site.api_query(
-            action="query", prop="revisions", rvprop="ids",
-            pageids="|".join(str(item[0]) for item in chunk), formatversion=2)
+            action="query",
+            prop="revisions",
+            rvprop="ids",
+            pageids="|".join(str(item[0]) for item in chunk),
+            formatversion=2,
+        )
 
         stage2 = []
         for pagedata in res["query"]["pages"]:
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ class BannerUntag(Task):
             if pageids_to_revids[pageid] == revid:
                 stage2.append(str(parentid))
             else:
-                self.logger.info(u"Skipping [[%s]], not latest edit" % title)
+                self.logger.info("Skipping [[%s]], not latest edit" % title)
                 donefile.write("%d\n" % pageid)
                 errfile.write("%s\n" % title.encode("utf8"))
 
@@ -86,8 +91,13 @@ class BannerUntag(Task):
             return
 
         res2 = self.site.api_query(
-            action="query", prop="revisions", rvprop="content", rvslots="main",
-            revids="|".join(stage2), formatversion=2)
+            action="query",
+            prop="revisions",
+            rvprop="content",
+            rvslots="main",
+            revids="|".join(stage2),
+            formatversion=2,
+        )
 
         for pagedata in res2["query"]["pages"]:
             revision = pagedata["revisions"][0]["slots"]["main"]
@@ -97,7 +107,7 @@ class BannerUntag(Task):
             title = pagedata["title"]
             content = revision["content"]
 
-            self.logger.debug(u"Reverting one edit on [[%s]]" % title)
+            self.logger.debug("Reverting one edit on [[%s]]" % title)
             page = self.site.get_page(title)
             page.edit(content, self.make_summary(self.summary), minor=True)
 
diff --git a/tasks/blp_tag.py b/tasks/blp_tag.py
index 751ca14..feb9ff4 100644
--- a/tasks/blp_tag.py
+++ b/tasks/blp_tag.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -22,9 +20,11 @@
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
+
 class BLPTag(Task):
     """A task to add |blp=yes to ``{{WPB}}`` or ``{{WPBS}}`` when it is used
     along with ``{{WP Biography}}``."""
+
     name = "blp_tag"
     number = 12
 
diff --git a/tasks/drn_clerkbot.py b/tasks/drn_clerkbot.py
index 936fc62..95eb2e5 100644
--- a/tasks/drn_clerkbot.py
+++ b/tasks/drn_clerkbot.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -20,21 +18,23 @@
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 
+import re
 from datetime import datetime
 from os.path import expanduser
-import re
 from threading import RLock
 from time import mktime, sleep, time
 
-from mwparserfromhell import parse as mw_parse
 import oursql
+from mwparserfromhell import parse as mw_parse
 
 from earwigbot import exceptions
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 from earwigbot.wiki import constants
 
+
 class DRNClerkBot(Task):
     """A task to clerk for [[WP:DRN]]."""
+
     name = "drn_clerkbot"
     number = 19
 
@@ -63,19 +63,25 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         cfg = self.config.tasks.get(self.name, {})
 
         # Set some wiki-related attributes:
-        self.title = cfg.get("title",
-                             "Wikipedia:Dispute resolution noticeboard")
+        self.title = cfg.get("title", "Wikipedia:Dispute resolution noticeboard")
         self.chart_title = cfg.get("chartTitle", "Template:DRN case status")
-        self.volunteer_title = cfg.get("volunteers",
-                                       "Wikipedia:Dispute resolution noticeboard/Volunteering")
+        self.volunteer_title = cfg.get(
+            "volunteers", "Wikipedia:Dispute resolution noticeboard/Volunteering"
+        )
         self.very_old_title = cfg.get("veryOldTitle", "User talk:Szhang (WMF)")
         self.notify_stale_cases = cfg.get("notifyStaleCases", False)
 
         clerk_summary = "Updating $3 case$4."
-        notify_summary = "Notifying user regarding [[WP:DRN|dispute resolution noticeboard]] case."
-        chart_summary = "Updating statistics for the [[WP:DRN|dispute resolution noticeboard]]."
+        notify_summary = (
+            "Notifying user regarding [[WP:DRN|dispute resolution noticeboard]] case."
+        )
+        chart_summary = (
+            "Updating statistics for the [[WP:DRN|dispute resolution noticeboard]]."
+        )
         self.clerk_summary = self.make_summary(cfg.get("clerkSummary", clerk_summary))
-        self.notify_summary = self.make_summary(cfg.get("notifySummary", notify_summary))
+        self.notify_summary = self.make_summary(
+            cfg.get("notifySummary", notify_summary)
+        )
         self.chart_summary = self.make_summary(cfg.get("chartSummary", chart_summary))
 
         # Templates used:
@@ -84,13 +90,10 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         self.tl_notify_party = templates.get("notifyParty", "DRN-notice")
         self.tl_notify_stale = templates.get("notifyStale", "DRN stale notice")
         self.tl_archive_top = templates.get("archiveTop", "DRN archive top")
-        self.tl_archive_bottom = templates.get("archiveBottom",
-                                               "DRN archive bottom")
-        self.tl_chart_header = templates.get("chartHeader",
-                                             "DRN case status/header")
+        self.tl_archive_bottom = templates.get("archiveBottom", "DRN archive bottom")
+        self.tl_chart_header = templates.get("chartHeader", "DRN case status/header")
         self.tl_chart_row = templates.get("chartRow", "DRN case status/row")
-        self.tl_chart_footer = templates.get("chartFooter",
-                                             "DRN case status/footer")
+        self.tl_chart_footer = templates.get("chartFooter", "DRN case status/footer")
 
         # Connection data for our SQL database:
         kwargs = cfg.get("sql", {})
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             if action in ["all", "update_volunteers"]:
                 self.update_volunteers(conn, site)
             if action in ["all", "clerk"]:
-                log = u"Starting update to [[{0}]]".format(self.title)
+                log = f"Starting update to [[{self.title}]]"
                 self.logger.info(log)
                 cases = self.read_database(conn)
                 page = site.get_page(self.title)
@@ -137,7 +140,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
 
     def update_volunteers(self, conn, site):
         """Updates and stores the list of dispute resolution volunteers."""
-        log = u"Updating volunteer list from [[{0}]]"
+        log = "Updating volunteer list from [[{0}]]"
         self.logger.info(log.format(self.volunteer_title))
         page = site.get_page(self.volunteer_title)
         try:
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             text = ""
         marker = "<!-- please don't remove this comment (used by EarwigBot) -->"
         if marker not in text:
-            log = u"The marker ({0}) wasn't found in the volunteer list at [[{1}]]!"
+            log = "The marker ({0}) wasn't found in the volunteer list at [[{1}]]!"
             self.logger.error(log.format(marker, page.title))
             return
         text = text.split(marker)[1]
@@ -190,8 +193,8 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         """Read the noticeboard content and update the list of _Cases."""
         nextid = self.select_next_id(conn)
         tl_status_esc = re.escape(self.tl_status)
-        split = re.split("(^==\s*[^=]+?\s*==$)", text, flags=re.M|re.U)
-        for i in xrange(len(split)):
+        split = re.split("(^==\s*[^=]+?\s*==$)", text, flags=re.M | re.U)
+        for i in range(len(split)):
             if i + 1 == len(split):
                 break
             if not split[i].startswith("=="):
@@ -209,8 +212,10 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                 id_ = nextid
                 nextid += 1
                 re_id2 = "(\{\{" + tl_status_esc
-                re_id2 += r"(.*?)\}\})(<!-- Bot Case ID \(please don't modify\): .*? -->)?"
-                repl = ur"\1 <!-- Bot Case ID (please don't modify): {0} -->"
+                re_id2 += (
+                    r"(.*?)\}\})(<!-- Bot Case ID \(please don't modify\): .*? -->)?"
+                )
+                repl = r"\1 <!-- Bot Case ID (please don't modify): {0} -->"
                 body = re.sub(re_id2, repl.format(id_), body)
                 re_f = r"\{\{drn filing editor\|(.*?)\|"
                 re_f += r"(\d{2}:\d{2},\s\d{1,2}\s\w+\s\d{4}\s\(UTC\))\}\}"
@@ -222,16 +227,30 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                     f_time = datetime.strptime(match.group(2), strp)
                 else:
                     f_user, f_time = None, datetime.utcnow()
-                case = _Case(id_, title, status, self.STATUS_UNKNOWN, f_user,
-                             f_time, f_user, f_time, "", self.min_ts,
-                             self.min_ts, False, False, False, len(body),
-                             new=True)
+                case = _Case(
+                    id_,
+                    title,
+                    status,
+                    self.STATUS_UNKNOWN,
+                    f_user,
+                    f_time,
+                    f_user,
+                    f_time,
+                    "",
+                    self.min_ts,
+                    self.min_ts,
+                    False,
+                    False,
+                    False,
+                    len(body),
+                    new=True,
+                )
                 cases.append(case)
-                log = u"Added new case {0} ('{1}', status={2}, by {3})"
+                log = "Added new case {0} ('{1}', status={2}, by {3})"
                 self.logger.debug(log.format(id_, title, status, f_user))
             else:
                 case.status = status
-                log = u"Read active case {0} ('{1}')".format(id_, title)
+                log = f"Read active case {id_} ('{title}')"
                 self.logger.debug(log)
                 if case.title != title:
                     self.update_case_title(conn, id_, title)
@@ -244,7 +263,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                     cases.remove(case)  # Ignore archived case
                 else:
                     case.status = self.STATUS_UNKNOWN
-                    log = u"Dropped case {0} because it is no longer on the page ('{1}')"
+                    log = "Dropped case {0} because it is no longer on the page ('{1}')"
                     self.logger.debug(log.format(case.id, case.title))
 
         self.logger.debug("Done reading cases from the noticeboard page")
@@ -262,7 +281,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
     def read_status(self, body):
         """Parse the current status from a case body."""
         templ = re.escape(self.tl_status)
-        status = re.search("\{\{" + templ + "\|?(.*?)\}\}", body, re.S|re.U)
+        status = re.search("\{\{" + templ + "\|?(.*?)\}\}", body, re.S | re.U)
         if not status:
             return self.STATUS_NEW
         for option, names in self.ALIASES.iteritems():
@@ -275,7 +294,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         query = "UPDATE cases SET case_title = ? WHERE case_id = ?"
         with conn.cursor() as cursor:
             cursor.execute(query, (title, id_))
-        log = u"Updated title of case {0} to '{1}'".format(id_, title)
+        log = f"Updated title of case {id_} to '{title}'"
         self.logger.debug(log)
 
     def clerk(self, conn, cases):
@@ -286,7 +305,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             volunteers = [name for (name,) in cursor.fetchall()]
         notices = []
         for case in cases:
-            log = u"Clerking case {0} ('{1}')".format(case.id, case.title)
+            log = f"Clerking case {case.id} ('{case.title}')"
             self.logger.debug(log)
             if case.status == self.STATUS_UNKNOWN:
                 self.save_existing_case(conn, case)
@@ -312,8 +331,11 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             notices = self.clerk_needassist_case(case, volunteers, newsigs)
         elif case.status == self.STATUS_STALE:
             notices = self.clerk_stale_case(case, newsigs)
-        if case.status in [self.STATUS_RESOLVED, self.STATUS_CLOSED,
-                           self.STATUS_FAILED]:
+        if case.status in [
+            self.STATUS_RESOLVED,
+            self.STATUS_CLOSED,
+            self.STATUS_FAILED,
+        ]:
             self.clerk_closed_case(case, signatures)
         else:
             self.add_missing_reflist(case)
@@ -374,10 +396,10 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                 tmpl = self.tl_notify_stale
                 title = case.title.replace("|", "&#124;")
                 template = "{{subst:" + tmpl + "|" + title + "}}"
-                miss = "<!-- Template:DRN stale notice | {0} -->".format(title)
+                miss = f"<!-- Template:DRN stale notice | {title} -->"
                 notice = _Notice(self.very_old_title, template, miss)
                 case.very_old_notified = True
-                msg = u"    {0}: will notify [[{1}]] with '{2}'"
+                msg = "    {0}: will notify [[{1}]] with '{2}'"
                 log = msg.format(case.id, self.very_old_title, template)
                 self.logger.debug(log)
                 return [notice]
@@ -428,7 +450,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                 if not re.search(arch_bottom + r"\s*\}\}\s*\Z", case.body):
                     case.body += "\n{{" + arch_bottom + "}}"
             case.archived = True
-            self.logger.debug(u"    {0}: archived case".format(case.id))
+            self.logger.debug(f"    {case.id}: archived case")
 
     def check_for_needassist(self, case):
         """Check whether a case is old enough to be set to "needassist"."""
@@ -446,10 +468,10 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         new_n = "NEW" if not new_n else new_n
         if case.last_action != new:
             case.status = new
-            log = u"    {0}: {1} -> {2}"
+            log = "    {0}: {1} -> {2}"
             self.logger.debug(log.format(case.id, old_n, new_n))
             return
-        log = u"Avoiding {0} {1} -> {2} because we already did this ('{3}')"
+        log = "Avoiding {0} {1} -> {2} because we already did this ('{3}')"
         self.logger.info(log.format(case.id, old_n, new_n, case.title))
 
     def read_signatures(self, text):
@@ -461,7 +483,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         regex += r"([^\n\[\]|]{,256}?)(?:\||\]\])"
         regex += r"(?!.*?(?:User(?:\stalk)?\:|Special\:Contributions\/).*?)"
         regex += r".{,256}?(\d{2}:\d{2},\s\d{1,2}\s\w+\s\d{4}\s\(UTC\))"
-        matches = re.findall(regex, text, re.U|re.I)
+        matches = re.findall(regex, text, re.U | re.I)
         signatures = []
         for userlink, stamp in matches:
             username = userlink.split("/", 1)[0].replace("_", " ").strip()
@@ -494,13 +516,13 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         too_late = "<!--Template:DRN-notice-->"
 
         re_parties = "<span.*?>'''Users involved'''</span>(.*?)<span.*?>"
-        text = re.search(re_parties, case.body, re.S|re.U)
+        text = re.search(re_parties, case.body, re.S | re.U)
         for line in text.group(1).splitlines():
             user = re.search("[:*#]{,5} \{\{User\|(.*?)\}\}", line)
             if user:
                 party = user.group(1).replace("_", " ").strip()
                 if party.startswith("User:"):
-                    party = party[len("User:"):]
+                    party = party[len("User:") :]
                 if party:
                     party = party[0].upper() + party[1:]
                     if party == case.file_user:
@@ -509,7 +531,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                     notices.append(notice)
 
         case.parties_notified = True
-        log = u"    {0}: will try to notify {1} parties with '{2}'"
+        log = "    {0}: will try to notify {1} parties with '{2}'"
         self.logger.debug(log.format(case.id, len(notices), template))
         return notices
 
@@ -562,22 +584,35 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                 for name, stamp in additions:
                     args.append((case.id, name, stamp))
                 cursor.executemany(query2, args)
-            msg = u"    {0}: added {1} signatures and removed {2}"
+            msg = "    {0}: added {1} signatures and removed {2}"
             log = msg.format(case.id, len(additions), len(removals))
             self.logger.debug(log)
 
     def save_new_case(self, conn, case):
         """Save a brand new case to the database."""
-        args = (case.id, case.title, case.status, case.last_action,
-                case.file_user, case.file_time, case.modify_user,
-                case.modify_time, case.volunteer_user, case.volunteer_time,
-                case.close_time, case.parties_notified,
-                case.very_old_notified, case.archived,
-                case.last_volunteer_size)
+        args = (
+            case.id,
+            case.title,
+            case.status,
+            case.last_action,
+            case.file_user,
+            case.file_time,
+            case.modify_user,
+            case.modify_time,
+            case.volunteer_user,
+            case.volunteer_time,
+            case.close_time,
+            case.parties_notified,
+            case.very_old_notified,
+            case.archived,
+            case.last_volunteer_size,
+        )
         with conn.cursor() as cursor:
-            query = "INSERT INTO cases VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
+            query = (
+                "INSERT INTO cases VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
+            )
             cursor.execute(query, args)
-        log = u"    {0}: inserted new case into database".format(case.id)
+        log = f"    {case.id}: inserted new case into database"
         self.logger.debug(log)
 
     def save_existing_case(self, conn, case):
@@ -602,22 +637,22 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                 ("case_parties_notified", case.parties_notified),
                 ("case_very_old_notified", case.very_old_notified),
                 ("case_archived", case.archived),
-                ("case_last_volunteer_size", case.last_volunteer_size)
+                ("case_last_volunteer_size", case.last_volunteer_size),
             ]
             for column, data in fields_to_check:
                 if data != stored[column]:
                     changes.append(column + " = ?")
                     args.append(data)
-                    msg = u"    {0}: will alter {1} ('{2}' -> '{3}')"
+                    msg = "    {0}: will alter {1} ('{2}' -> '{3}')"
                     log = msg.format(case.id, column, stored[column], data)
                     self.logger.debug(log)
             if changes:
                 changes = ", ".join(changes)
                 args.append(case.id)
-                query = "UPDATE cases SET {0} WHERE case_id = ?".format(changes)
+                query = f"UPDATE cases SET {changes} WHERE case_id = ?"
                 cursor.execute(query, args)
             else:
-                log = u"    {0}: no changes to commit".format(case.id)
+                log = f"    {case.id}: no changes to commit"
                 self.logger.debug(log)
 
     def save(self, page, cases, kwargs, start):
@@ -629,7 +664,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                 newtext = newtext.replace(case.old, case.body)
                 counter += 1
         if newtext == text:
-            self.logger.info(u"Nothing to edit on [[{0}]]".format(page.title))
+            self.logger.info(f"Nothing to edit on [[{page.title}]]")
             return True
 
         worktime = time() - start
@@ -646,7 +681,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
         summary = self.clerk_summary.replace("$3", str(counter))
         summary = summary.replace("$4", "" if counter == 1 else "s")
         page.edit(newtext, summary, minor=True, bot=True)
-        log = u"Saved page [[{0}]] ({1} updates)"
+        log = "Saved page [[{0}]] ({1} updates)"
         self.logger.info(log.format(page.title, counter))
         return True
 
@@ -657,13 +692,13 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             return
         for notice in notices:
             target, template = notice.target, notice.template
-            log = u"Trying to notify [[{0}]] with '{1}'"
+            log = "Trying to notify [[{0}]] with '{1}'"
             self.logger.debug(log.format(target, template))
             page = site.get_page(target, follow_redirects=True)
             if page.namespace == constants.NS_USER_TALK:
                 user = site.get_user(target.split(":", 1)[1])
                 if not user.exists and not user.is_ip:
-                    log = u"Skipping [[{0}]]; user does not exist and is not an IP"
+                    log = "Skipping [[{0}]]; user does not exist and is not an IP"
                     self.logger.info(log.format(target))
                     continue
             try:
@@ -671,7 +706,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             except exceptions.PageNotFoundError:
                 text = ""
             if notice.too_late and notice.too_late in text:
-                log = u"Skipping [[{0}]]; was already notified with '{1}'"
+                log = "Skipping [[{0}]]; was already notified with '{1}'"
                 self.logger.info(log.format(page.title, template))
                 continue
             text += ("\n" if text else "") + template
@@ -679,10 +714,10 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
                 page.edit(text, self.notify_summary, minor=False, bot=True)
             except exceptions.EditError as error:
                 name, msg = type(error).name, error.message
-                log = u"Couldn't leave notice on [[{0}]] because of {1}: {2}"
+                log = "Couldn't leave notice on [[{0}]] because of {1}: {2}"
                 self.logger.error(log.format(page.title, name, msg))
             else:
-                log = u"Notified [[{0}]] with '{1}'"
+                log = "Notified [[{0}]] with '{1}'"
                 self.logger.info(log.format(page.title, template))
 
         self.logger.debug("Done sending notices")
@@ -690,25 +725,34 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
     def update_chart(self, conn, site):
         """Update the chart of open or recently closed cases."""
         page = site.get_page(self.chart_title)
-        self.logger.info(u"Updating case status at [[{0}]]".format(page.title))
+        self.logger.info(f"Updating case status at [[{page.title}]]")
         statuses = self.compile_chart(conn)
         text = page.get()
-        newtext = re.sub(u"<!-- status begin -->(.*?)<!-- status end -->",
-                         "<!-- status begin -->\n" + statuses + "\n<!-- status end -->",
-                         text, flags=re.DOTALL)
+        newtext = re.sub(
+            "<!-- status begin -->(.*?)<!-- status end -->",
+            "<!-- status begin -->\n" + statuses + "\n<!-- status end -->",
+            text,
+            flags=re.DOTALL,
+        )
         if newtext == text:
             self.logger.info("Chart unchanged; not saving")
             return
 
-        newtext = re.sub("<!-- sig begin -->(.*?)<!-- sig end -->",
-                         "<!-- sig begin -->~~~ at ~~~~~<!-- sig end -->",
-                         newtext)
+        newtext = re.sub(
+            "<!-- sig begin -->(.*?)<!-- sig end -->",
+            "<!-- sig begin -->~~~ at ~~~~~<!-- sig end -->",
+            newtext,
+        )
         page.edit(newtext, self.chart_summary, minor=True, bot=True)
-        self.logger.info(u"Chart saved to [[{0}]]".format(page.title))
+        self.logger.info(f"Chart saved to [[{page.title}]]")
 
     def compile_chart(self, conn):
         """Actually generate the chart from the database."""
-        chart = "{{" + self.tl_chart_header + "|small={{{small|}}}|collapsed={{{collapsed|}}}}}\n"
+        chart = (
+            "{{"
+            + self.tl_chart_header
+            + "|small={{{small|}}}|collapsed={{{collapsed|}}}}}\n"
+        )
         query = "SELECT * FROM cases WHERE case_status != ?"
         with conn.cursor(oursql.DictCursor) as cursor:
             cursor.execute(query, (self.STATUS_UNKNOWN,))
@@ -719,12 +763,16 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
 
     def compile_row(self, case):
         """Generate a single row of the chart from a dict via the database."""
-        data = u"|t={case_title}|d={title}|s={case_status}"
+        data = "|t={case_title}|d={title}|s={case_status}"
         data += "|cu={case_file_user}|cs={file_sortkey}|ct={file_time}"
         if case["case_volunteer_user"]:
-            data += "|vu={case_volunteer_user}|vs={volunteer_sortkey}|vt={volunteer_time}"
+            data += (
+                "|vu={case_volunteer_user}|vs={volunteer_sortkey}|vt={volunteer_time}"
+            )
             case["volunteer_time"] = self.format_time(case["case_volunteer_time"])
-            case["volunteer_sortkey"] = int(mktime(case["case_volunteer_time"].timetuple()))
+            case["volunteer_sortkey"] = int(
+                mktime(case["case_volunteer_time"].timetuple())
+            )
         data += "|mu={case_modify_user}|ms={modify_sortkey}|mt={modify_time}"
 
         case["case_title"] = mw_parse(case["case_title"]).strip_code()
@@ -748,7 +796,7 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             num = seconds // size
             seconds -= num * size
             if num:
-                chunk = "{0} {1}".format(num, name if num == 1 else name + "s")
+                chunk = "{} {}".format(num, name if num == 1 else name + "s")
                 msg.append(chunk)
         return ", ".join(msg) + " ago" if msg else "0 hours ago"
 
@@ -766,12 +814,28 @@ class DRNClerkBot(Task):
             cursor.execute(query, (self.STATUS_UNKNOWN,))
 
 
-class _Case(object):
+class _Case:
     """A object representing a dispute resolution case."""
-    def __init__(self, id_, title, status, last_action, file_user, file_time,
-                 modify_user, modify_time, volunteer_user, volunteer_time,
-                 close_time, parties_notified, archived, very_old_notified,
-                 last_volunteer_size, new=False):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        id_,
+        title,
+        status,
+        last_action,
+        file_user,
+        file_time,
+        modify_user,
+        modify_time,
+        volunteer_user,
+        volunteer_time,
+        close_time,
+        parties_notified,
+        archived,
+        very_old_notified,
+        last_volunteer_size,
+        new=False,
+    ):
         self.id = id_
         self.title = title
         self.status = status
@@ -794,8 +858,9 @@ class _Case(object):
         self.old = None
 
 
-class _Notice(object):
+class _Notice:
     """An object representing a notice to be sent to a user or a page."""
+
     def __init__(self, target, template, too_late=None):
         self.target = target
         self.template = template
diff --git a/tasks/infobox_station.py b/tasks/infobox_station.py
index 0a38ca8..392af83 100644
--- a/tasks/infobox_station.py
+++ b/tasks/infobox_station.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2015 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -20,19 +18,20 @@
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from time import sleep
 
+import mwparserfromhell
+
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 from earwigbot.wiki import constants
 
-import mwparserfromhell
 
 class InfoboxStation(Task):
     """
     A task to replace ``{{Infobox China station}}`` and
     ``{{Infobox Japan station}}`` with ``{{Infobox station}}``.
     """
+
     name = "infobox_station"
     number = 20
 
@@ -43,19 +42,20 @@ class InfoboxStation(Task):
                 ["Infobox China station", "Infobox china station"],
                 "Infobox China station/sandbox",
                 "Infobox China station/sandbox/cats",
-                "Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 February 8#Template:Infobox China station"
+                "Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 February 8#Template:Infobox China station",
             ),
             "Japan": (
                 ["Infobox Japan station", "Infobox japan station"],
                 "Infobox Japan station/sandbox",
                 "Infobox Japan station/sandbox/cats",
-                "Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 May 9#Template:Infobox Japan station"
+                "Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 May 9#Template:Infobox Japan station",
             ),
         }
         self._replacement = "{{Infobox station}}"
         self._sleep_time = 2
         self.summary = self.make_summary(
-            "Replacing {source} with {dest} per [[{discussion}|TfD]].")
+            "Replacing {source} with {dest} per [[{discussion}|TfD]]."
+        )
 
     def run(self, **kwargs):
         limit = int(kwargs.get("limit", kwargs.get("edits", 0)))
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class InfoboxStation(Task):
         """
         Replace a template in all pages that transclude it.
         """
-        self.logger.info("Replacing {0} infobox template".format(name))
+        self.logger.info(f"Replacing {name} infobox template")
 
         count = 0
         for title in self._get_transclusions(args[0][0]):
@@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ class InfoboxStation(Task):
             page = self.site.get_page(title)
             self._process_page(page, args)
 
-        self.logger.info("All {0} infoboxes updated".format(name))
+        self.logger.info(f"All {name} infoboxes updated")
 
     def _process_page(self, page, args):
         """
         Process a single page to replace a template.
         """
-        self.logger.debug("Processing [[{0}]]".format(page.title))
+        self.logger.debug(f"Processing [[{page.title}]]")
         if not page.check_exclusion():
-            self.logger.warn("Bot excluded from [[{0}]]".format(page.title))
+            self.logger.warn(f"Bot excluded from [[{page.title}]]")
             return
 
         code = mwparserfromhell.parse(page.get(), skip_style_tags=True)
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class InfoboxStation(Task):
         for tmpl in code.filter_templates():
             if tmpl.name.matches(args[0]):
                 tmpl.name = "subst:" + args[2]
-                cats.extend(self._get_cats(page, unicode(tmpl)))
+                cats.extend(self._get_cats(page, str(tmpl)))
                 tmpl.name = "subst:" + args[1]
 
         self._add_cats(code, cats)
@@ -108,19 +108,25 @@ class InfoboxStation(Task):
             return
 
         summary = self.summary.format(
-            source="{{" + args[0][0] + "}}", dest=self._replacement,
-            discussion=args[3])
-        page.edit(unicode(code), summary, minor=True)
+            source="{{" + args[0][0] + "}}", dest=self._replacement, discussion=args[3]
+        )
+        page.edit(str(code), summary, minor=True)
         sleep(self._sleep_time)
 
     def _add_cats(self, code, cats):
         """Add category data (*cats*) to wikicode."""
         current_cats = code.filter_wikilinks(
-            matches=lambda link: link.title.lower().startswith("category:"))
-        norm = lambda cat: cat.title.lower()[len("category:"):].strip()
+            matches=lambda link: link.title.lower().startswith("category:")
+        )
+
+        def norm(cat):
+            return cat.title.lower()[len("category:") :].strip()
 
-        catlist = [unicode(cat) for cat in cats if not any(
-            norm(cur) == norm(cat) for cur in current_cats)]
+        catlist = [
+            str(cat)
+            for cat in cats
+            if not any(norm(cur) == norm(cat) for cur in current_cats)
+        ]
         if not catlist:
             return
         text = "\n".join(catlist)
@@ -140,8 +146,9 @@ class InfoboxStation(Task):
         """
         Return the categories that should be added to the page.
         """
-        result = self.site.api_query(action="parse", title=page.title,
-                                     prop="text", onlypst=1, text=tmpl)
+        result = self.site.api_query(
+            action="parse", title=page.title, prop="text", onlypst=1, text=tmpl
+        )
         text = result["parse"]["text"]["*"]
         return mwparserfromhell.parse(text).filter_wikilinks()
 
@@ -154,6 +161,7 @@ class InfoboxStation(Task):
         LEFT JOIN page ON tl_from = page_id
         WHERE tl_namespace = ? AND tl_title = ? AND tl_from_namespace = ?"""
 
-        results = self.site.sql_query(query, (
-            constants.NS_TEMPLATE, tmpl.replace(" ", "_"), constants.NS_MAIN))
+        results = self.site.sql_query(
+            query, (constants.NS_TEMPLATE, tmpl.replace(" ", "_"), constants.NS_MAIN)
+        )
         return [title.decode("utf8").replace("_", " ") for (title,) in results]
diff --git a/tasks/synonym_authorities.py b/tasks/synonym_authorities.py
index 3645408..b2f93df 100644
--- a/tasks/synonym_authorities.py
+++ b/tasks/synonym_authorities.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8  -*-
-#
 # Copyright (C) 2021 Ben Kurtovic <ben.kurtovic@gmail.com>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -33,41 +31,43 @@ import unidecode
 
 from earwigbot.tasks import Task
 
+
 class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
     """
     Correct mismatched synonym authorities in taxon articles created by Qbugbot.
     """
-    name = 'synonym_authorities'
+
+    name = "synonym_authorities"
     number = 21
     base_summary = (
-        'Fix {changes} mismatched synonym authorities per ITIS '
-        '([[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/EarwigBot 21|more info]])'
+        "Fix {changes} mismatched synonym authorities per ITIS "
+        "([[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/EarwigBot 21|more info]])"
     )
 
     def setup(self):
         self.site = self.bot.wiki.get_site()
-        self.creator = 'Qbugbot'
-        self.pages_path = 'qbugbot_pages.json'
-        self.synonyms_path = 'qbugbot_synonyms.json'
-        self.edits_path = 'qbugbot_edits.json'
-        self.itis_path = 'itis.db'
+        self.creator = "Qbugbot"
+        self.pages_path = "qbugbot_pages.json"
+        self.synonyms_path = "qbugbot_synonyms.json"
+        self.edits_path = "qbugbot_edits.json"
+        self.itis_path = "itis.db"
         self.summary = self.make_summary(self.base_summary)
 
     def run(self, action=None):
-        if action == 'fetch_pages':
+        if action == "fetch_pages":
             self.fetch_pages()
-        elif action == 'fetch_synonyms':
+        elif action == "fetch_synonyms":
             self.fetch_synonyms()
-        elif action == 'prepare_edits':
+        elif action == "prepare_edits":
             self.prepare_edits()
-        elif action == 'view_edits':
+        elif action == "view_edits":
             self.view_edits()
-        elif action == 'save_edits':
+        elif action == "save_edits":
             self.save_edits()
         elif action is None:
-            raise RuntimeError(f'This task requires an action')
+            raise RuntimeError("This task requires an action")
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError(f'No such action: {action}')
+            raise RuntimeError(f"No such action: {action}")
 
     def fetch_pages(self):
         """
@@ -77,49 +77,49 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
         for chunk in more_itertools.chunked(self._iter_creations(), 500):
             pages.update(self._fetch_chunk(chunk))
 
-        self.logger.info(f'Fetched {len(pages)} pages')
-        with open(self.pages_path, 'w') as fp:
+        self.logger.info(f"Fetched {len(pages)} pages")
+        with open(self.pages_path, "w") as fp:
             json.dump(pages, fp)
 
     def _iter_creations(self):
         # TODO: include converted redirects ([[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot]])
         params = {
-            'action': 'query',
-            'list': 'usercontribs',
-            'ucuser': self.creator,
-            'uclimit': 5000,
-            'ucnamespace': 0,
-            'ucprop': 'ids',
-            'ucshow': 'new',
-            'formatversion': 2,
+            "action": "query",
+            "list": "usercontribs",
+            "ucuser": self.creator,
+            "uclimit": 5000,
+            "ucnamespace": 0,
+            "ucprop": "ids",
+            "ucshow": "new",
+            "formatversion": 2,
         }
 
         results = self.site.api_query(**params)
-        while contribs := results['query']['usercontribs']:
+        while contribs := results["query"]["usercontribs"]:
             yield from contribs
-            if 'continue' not in results:
+            if "continue" not in results:
                 break
-            params.update(results['continue'])
+            params.update(results["continue"])
             results = self.site.api_query(**params)
 
     def _fetch_chunk(self, chunk):
         result = self.site.api_query(
-            action='query',
-            prop='revisions',
-            rvprop='ids|content',
-            rvslots='main',
-            pageids='|'.join(str(page['pageid']) for page in chunk),
+            action="query",
+            prop="revisions",
+            rvprop="ids|content",
+            rvslots="main",
+            pageids="|".join(str(page["pageid"]) for page in chunk),
             formatversion=2,
         )
 
-        pages = result['query']['pages']
+        pages = result["query"]["pages"]
         assert len(pages) == len(chunk)
 
         return {
-            page['pageid']: {
-                'title': page['title'],
-                'content': page['revisions'][0]['slots']['main']['content'],
-                'revid': page['revisions'][0]['revid'],
+            page["pageid"]: {
+                "title": page["title"],
+                "content": page["revisions"][0]["slots"]["main"]["content"],
+                "revid": page["revisions"][0]["revid"],
             }
             for page in pages
         }
@@ -130,37 +130,38 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
         """
         with open(self.pages_path) as fp:
             pages = json.load(fp)
-        wikidata = self.bot.wiki.get_site('wikidatawiki')
-        itis_property = 'P815'
+        wikidata = self.bot.wiki.get_site("wikidatawiki")
+        itis_property = "P815"
         conn = sqlite3.connect(self.itis_path)
         cur = conn.cursor()
 
         synonyms = {}
         for chunk in more_itertools.chunked(pages.items(), 50):
-            titles = {page['title']: pageid for pageid, page in chunk}
+            titles = {page["title"]: pageid for pageid, page in chunk}
             result = wikidata.api_query(
-                action='wbgetentities',
-                sites='enwiki',
-                titles='|'.join(titles),
-                props='claims|sitelinks',
-                languages='en',
-                sitefilter='enwiki',
+                action="wbgetentities",
+                sites="enwiki",
+                titles="|".join(titles),
+                props="claims|sitelinks",
+                languages="en",
+                sitefilter="enwiki",
             )
 
-            for item in result['entities'].values():
-                if 'sitelinks' not in item:
-                    self.logger.warning(f'No sitelinks for item: {item}')
+            for item in result["entities"].values():
+                if "sitelinks" not in item:
+                    self.logger.warning(f"No sitelinks for item: {item}")
                     continue
-                title = item['sitelinks']['enwiki']['title']
+                title = item["sitelinks"]["enwiki"]["title"]
                 pageid = titles[title]
-                if itis_property not in item['claims']:
-                    self.logger.warning(f'No ITIS ID for [[{title}]]')
+                if itis_property not in item["claims"]:
+                    self.logger.warning(f"No ITIS ID for [[{title}]]")
                     continue
-                claims = item['claims'][itis_property]
+                claims = item["claims"][itis_property]
                 assert len(claims) == 1, (title, claims)
-                itis_id = claims[0]['mainsnak']['datavalue']['value']
+                itis_id = claims[0]["mainsnak"]["datavalue"]["value"]
 
-                cur.execute("""
+                cur.execute(
+                    """
                     SELECT synonym.complete_name, authors.taxon_author
                     FROM synonym_links sl
                     INNER JOIN taxonomic_units accepted ON sl.tsn_accepted = accepted.tsn
@@ -172,11 +173,13 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
                     FROM taxonomic_units accepted
                     LEFT JOIN taxon_authors_lkp authors USING (taxon_author_id)
                     WHERE accepted.tsn = ?;
-                """, (itis_id, itis_id))
+                """,
+                    (itis_id, itis_id),
+                )
                 synonyms[pageid] = cur.fetchall()
 
-        self.logger.info(f'Fetched {len(synonyms)} synonym lists')
-        with open(self.synonyms_path, 'w') as fp:
+        self.logger.info(f"Fetched {len(synonyms)} synonym lists")
+        with open(self.synonyms_path, "w") as fp:
             json.dump(synonyms, fp)
 
     def prepare_edits(self):
@@ -192,65 +195,73 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
         for pageid, pageinfo in pages.items():
             if pageid not in synonyms:
                 continue
-            wikitext = mwparserfromhell.parse(pageinfo['content'])
+            wikitext = mwparserfromhell.parse(pageinfo["content"])
             try:
-                changes = self._update_synonyms(pageinfo['title'], wikitext, synonyms[pageid])
+                changes = self._update_synonyms(
+                    pageinfo["title"], wikitext, synonyms[pageid]
+                )
                 if not changes:
                     continue
             except Exception:
-                self.logger.error(f'Failed to update synonyms for [[{pageinfo["title"]}]]')
+                self.logger.error(
+                    f'Failed to update synonyms for [[{pageinfo["title"]}]]'
+                )
                 raise
             edits[pageid] = {
-                'title': pageinfo['title'],
-                'revid': pageinfo['revid'],
-                'original': pageinfo['content'],
-                'content': str(wikitext),
-                'changes': changes,
+                "title": pageinfo["title"],
+                "revid": pageinfo["revid"],
+                "original": pageinfo["content"],
+                "content": str(wikitext),
+                "changes": changes,
             }
 
-        with open(self.edits_path, 'w') as fp:
+        with open(self.edits_path, "w") as fp:
             json.dump(edits, fp)
 
     def _update_synonyms(self, title, wikitext, synonyms):
         if len(synonyms) <= 1:
             return False
-        if wikitext.split('\n', 1)[0].upper().startswith('#REDIRECT'):
-            self.logger.debug(f'[[{title}]]: Skipping redirect')
+        if wikitext.split("\n", 1)[0].upper().startswith("#REDIRECT"):
+            self.logger.debug(f"[[{title}]]: Skipping redirect")
             return False
 
         taxoboxes = wikitext.filter_templates(
-            matches=lambda tmpl: tmpl.name.matches(('Speciesbox', 'Automatic taxobox')))
+            matches=lambda tmpl: tmpl.name.matches(("Speciesbox", "Automatic taxobox"))
+        )
         if not taxoboxes:
-            self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: No taxoboxes found')
+            self.logger.warning(f"[[{title}]]: No taxoboxes found")
             return False
         if len(taxoboxes) > 1:
-            self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: Multiple taxoboxes found')
+            self.logger.warning(f"[[{title}]]: Multiple taxoboxes found")
             return False
 
         try:
-            syn_param = taxoboxes[0].get('synonyms')
+            syn_param = taxoboxes[0].get("synonyms")
         except ValueError:
-            self.logger.debug(f'[[{title}]]: No synonyms parameter in taxobox')
+            self.logger.debug(f"[[{title}]]: No synonyms parameter in taxobox")
             return False
 
         tmpls = syn_param.value.filter_templates(
-            matches=lambda tmpl: tmpl.name.matches(('Species list', 'Taxon list')))
+            matches=lambda tmpl: tmpl.name.matches(("Species list", "Taxon list"))
+        )
         if not tmpls:
             # This means the bot's original work is no longer there. In most cases, this is
             # an unrelated synonym list added by another editor and there is nothing to check,
             # but it's possible someone converted the bot's list into a different format without
             # checking the authorities. Those cases need to be manually checked.
-            self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: Could not find a taxa list in taxobox')
+            self.logger.warning(f"[[{title}]]: Could not find a taxa list in taxobox")
             return False
         if len(tmpls) > 1:
-            self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: Multiple taxa lists found in taxobox')
+            self.logger.warning(f"[[{title}]]: Multiple taxa lists found in taxobox")
             return False
 
         expected = {}
         for taxon, author in synonyms:
             if taxon in expected and expected[taxon] != author:
                 # These need to be manually reviewed
-                self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: Expected synonym list has duplicates')
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    f"[[{title}]]: Expected synonym list has duplicates"
+                )
                 return False
             expected[self._normalize(taxon)] = self._normalize(author)
 
@@ -262,21 +273,27 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
             taxon = self._normalize(taxon_param.value)
             author = self._normalize(author_param.value)
             if taxon not in expected:
-                self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: Unknown synonym {taxon!r}')
+                self.logger.warning(f"[[{title}]]: Unknown synonym {taxon!r}")
                 return False
             actual[taxon] = author
             formatted_authors.setdefault(author, []).append(author_param.value.strip())
 
-        expected = {taxon: author for taxon, author in expected.items() if taxon in actual}
+        expected = {
+            taxon: author for taxon, author in expected.items() if taxon in actual
+        }
         assert set(expected.keys()) == set(actual.keys())
         if expected == actual:
-            self.logger.debug(f'[[{title}]]: Nothing to update')
+            self.logger.debug(f"[[{title}]]: Nothing to update")
             return None
         if list(expected.values()) != list(actual.values()):
             if set(expected.values()) == set(actual.values()):
-                self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: Actual authors are not in expected order')
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    f"[[{title}]]: Actual authors are not in expected order"
+                )
             else:
-                self.logger.warning(f'[[{title}]]: Actual authors do not match expected')
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    f"[[{title}]]: Actual authors do not match expected"
+                )
             return False
 
         changes = []
@@ -285,15 +302,15 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
             taxon = self._normalize(taxon_param.value)
             if expected[taxon] != actual[taxon]:
                 author = formatted_authors[expected[taxon]].pop(0)
-                match = re.match(r'^(\s*).*?(\s*)$', str(author_param.value))
+                match = re.match(r"^(\s*).*?(\s*)$", str(author_param.value))
                 ws_before, ws_after = match.group(1), match.group(2)
-                author_param.value = f'{ws_before}{author}{ws_after}'
+                author_param.value = f"{ws_before}{author}{ws_after}"
                 changes.append((taxon, actual[taxon], expected[taxon]))
 
         if changes:
-            self.logger.info(f'Will update {len(changes)} synonyms in [[{title}]]')
+            self.logger.info(f"Will update {len(changes)} synonyms in [[{title}]]")
         else:
-            self.logger.debug(f'Nothing to update in [[{title}]]')
+            self.logger.debug(f"Nothing to update in [[{title}]]")
         return changes
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -305,7 +322,9 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
             value = value.strip_code()
         if not value or not value.strip():
             return None
-        return unidecode.unidecode(value.strip().casefold().replace('&', 'and').replace(',', ''))
+        return unidecode.unidecode(
+            value.strip().casefold().replace("&", "and").replace(",", "")
+        )
 
     def view_edits(self):
         """
@@ -314,15 +333,16 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
         with open(self.edits_path) as fp:
             edits = json.load(fp)
 
-        self.logger.info(f'{len(edits)} pages to edit')
+        self.logger.info(f"{len(edits)} pages to edit")
         for pageid, edit in edits.items():
             print(f'\n{pageid}: {edit["title"]}:')
-            old, new = edit['original'], edit['content']
+            old, new = edit["original"], edit["content"]
 
-            udiff = difflib.unified_diff(old.splitlines(), new.splitlines(), 'old', 'new')
+            udiff = difflib.unified_diff(
+                old.splitlines(), new.splitlines(), "old", "new"
+            )
             subprocess.run(
-                ['delta', '-s', '--paging', 'never'],
-                input='\n'.join(udiff), text=True
+                ["delta", "-s", "--paging", "never"], input="\n".join(udiff), text=True
             )
 
     def save_edits(self):
@@ -332,21 +352,21 @@ class SynonymAuthorities(Task):
         with open(self.edits_path) as fp:
             edits = json.load(fp)
 
-        self.logger.info(f'{len(edits)} pages to edit')
+        self.logger.info(f"{len(edits)} pages to edit")
         for pageid, edit in edits.items():
-            page = self.site.get_page(edit['title'])
-            self.logger.info(f'{pageid}: [[{page.title}]]')
+            page = self.site.get_page(edit["title"])
+            self.logger.info(f"{pageid}: [[{page.title}]]")
 
             if self.shutoff_enabled():
-                raise RuntimeError('Shutoff enabled')
+                raise RuntimeError("Shutoff enabled")
             if not page.check_exclusion():
-                self.logger.warning(f'[[{page.title}]]: Bot excluded from editing')
+                self.logger.warning(f"[[{page.title}]]: Bot excluded from editing")
                 continue
 
             page.edit(
-                edit['content'],
-                summary=self.summary.format(changes=len(edit['changes'])),
-                baserevid=edit['revid'],
+                edit["content"],
+                summary=self.summary.format(changes=len(edit["changes"])),
+                baserevid=edit["revid"],
                 basetimestamp=None,
                 starttimestamp=None,
             )