diff --git a/mwparserfromhell/wikicode.py b/mwparserfromhell/wikicode.py
index a1921d7..b814ee5 100644
--- a/mwparserfromhell/wikicode.py
+++ b/mwparserfromhell/wikicode.py
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ class Wikicode(StringMixIn):
     def _do_search(self, obj, recursive, callback, context, *args, **kwargs):
         """Look within *context* for *obj*, executing *callback* if found.
 
-        If *recursive* is ``True``, we'll look within context and its
-        descendants, otherwise we'll just execute callback. We raise
+        If *recursive* is ``True``, we'll look within *context* and its
+        descendants, otherwise we'll just execute *callback*. We raise
         :py:exc:`ValueError` if *obj* isn't in our node list or context. If
         found, *callback* is passed the context, the index of the node within
         the context, and whatever were passed as ``*args`` and ``**kwargs``.
@@ -375,9 +375,8 @@ class Wikicode(StringMixIn):
         """
         if matches:
             matches = r"^(=+?)\s*" + matches + r"\s*\1$"
-        headings = self.filter_headings(recursive=True)
-        filtered = self.filter_headings(recursive=True, matches=matches,
-                                        flags=flags)
+        headings = self.filter_headings()
+        filtered = self.filter_headings(matches=matches, flags=flags)
         if levels:
             filtered = [head for head in filtered if head.level in levels]
 
diff --git a/tests/test_wikicode.py b/tests/test_wikicode.py
index 5a28fb5..2ad22dd 100644
--- a/tests/test_wikicode.py
+++ b/tests/test_wikicode.py
@@ -122,66 +122,45 @@ class TestWikicode(TreeEqualityTestCase):
         code3.insert(-1000, "derp")
         self.assertEqual("derp{{foo}}bar[[baz]]", code3)
 
-    def test_insert_before(self):
-        """test Wikicode.insert_before()"""
+    def _test_search(self, meth, expected):
+        """Base test for insert_before(), insert_after(), and replace()."""
         code = parse("{{a}}{{b}}{{c}}{{d}}")
-        code.insert_before("{{b}}", "x", recursive=True)
-        code.insert_before("{{d}}", "[[y]]", recursive=False)
-        self.assertEqual("{{a}}x{{b}}{{c}}[[y]]{{d}}", code)
-        code.insert_before(code.get(2), "z")
-        self.assertEqual("{{a}}xz{{b}}{{c}}[[y]]{{d}}", code)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code.insert_before, "{{r}}", "n",
-                          recursive=True)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code.insert_before, "{{r}}", "n",
-                          recursive=False)
+        func = getattr(code, meth)
+        func("{{b}}", "x", recursive=True)
+        func("{{d}}", "[[y]]", recursive=False)
+        self.assertEqual(expected[0], code)
+        func(code.get(2), "z")
+        self.assertEqual(expected[1], code)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, func, "{{r}}", "n", recursive=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, func, "{{r}}", "n", recursive=False)
 
         code2 = parse("{{a|{{b}}|{{c|d={{f}}}}}}")
-        code2.insert_before(code2.get(0).params[0].value.get(0), "x",
-                            recursive=True)
-        code2.insert_before("{{f}}", "y", recursive=True)
-        self.assertEqual("{{a|x{{b}}|{{c|d=y{{f}}}}}}", code2)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code2.insert_before, "{{f}}", "y",
-                          recursive=False)
+        func = getattr(code2, meth)
+        func(code2.get(0).params[0].value.get(0), "x", recursive=True)
+        func("{{f}}", "y", recursive=True)
+        self.assertEqual(expected[2], code2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, func, "{{f}}", "y", recursive=False)
+
+    def test_insert_before(self):
+        """test Wikicode.insert_before()"""
+        expected = [
+            "{{a}}x{{b}}{{c}}[[y]]{{d}}", "{{a}}xz{{b}}{{c}}[[y]]{{d}}",
+            "{{a|x{{b}}|{{c|d=y{{f}}}}}}"]
+        self._test_search("insert_before", expected)
 
     def test_insert_after(self):
         """test Wikicode.insert_after()"""
-        code = parse("{{a}}{{b}}{{c}}{{d}}")
-        code.insert_after("{{b}}", "x", recursive=True)
-        code.insert_after("{{d}}", "[[y]]", recursive=False)
-        self.assertEqual("{{a}}{{b}}x{{c}}{{d}}[[y]]", code)
-        code.insert_after(code.get(2), "z")
-        self.assertEqual("{{a}}{{b}}xz{{c}}{{d}}[[y]]", code)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code.insert_after, "{{r}}", "n",
-                          recursive=True)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code.insert_after, "{{r}}", "n",
-                          recursive=False)
-
-        code2 = parse("{{a|{{b}}|{{c|d={{f}}}}}}")
-        code2.insert_after(code2.get(0).params[0].value.get(0), "x",
-                           recursive=True)
-        code2.insert_after("{{f}}", "y", recursive=True)
-        self.assertEqual("{{a|{{b}}x|{{c|d={{f}}y}}}}", code2)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code2.insert_after, "{{f}}", "y",
-                          recursive=False)
+        expected = [
+            "{{a}}{{b}}x{{c}}{{d}}[[y]]", "{{a}}{{b}}xz{{c}}{{d}}[[y]]",
+            "{{a|{{b}}x|{{c|d={{f}}y}}}}"]
+        self._test_search("insert_after", expected)
 
     def test_replace(self):
         """test Wikicode.replace()"""
-        code = parse("{{a}}{{b}}{{c}}{{d}}")
-        code.replace("{{b}}", "x", recursive=True)
-        code.replace("{{d}}", "[[y]]", recursive=False)
-        self.assertEqual("{{a}}x{{c}}[[y]]", code)
-        code.replace(code.get(1), "z")
-        self.assertEqual("{{a}}z{{c}}[[y]]", code)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code.replace, "{{r}}", "n",
-                          recursive=True)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code.replace, "{{r}}", "n",
-                          recursive=False)
-
-        code2 = parse("{{a|{{b}}|{{c|d={{f}}}}}}")
-        code2.replace(code2.get(0).params[0].value.get(0), "x", recursive=True)
-        code2.replace("{{f}}", "y", recursive=True)
-        self.assertEqual("{{a|x|{{c|d=y}}}}", code2)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, code2.replace, "y", "z", recursive=False)
+        expected = [
+            "{{a}}x{{c}}[[y]]", "{{a}}xz[[y]]", "{{a|x|{{c|d=y}}}}"
+        ]
+        self._test_search("replace", expected)
 
     def test_append(self):
         """test Wikicode.append()"""